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Kings of Israel and Judah |
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See also |
(Italics indicate a disputed |
The article deals with the biblical and historical kings of the Land of Israel - Abimelech of Sichem, the three kings of the United Kingdom of Israel and those of its successor states, Israel and Judah, followed in the Second Temple period, part of classical antiquity, by the kingdoms ruled by the Hasmonean and Herodian dynasties.
The Hebrew Bible describes a succession of kings of a United Kingdom of Israel. And then of divided kingdoms, Israel and Judah.
In contemporary scholarship, "the united monarchy is debated," due to a lack of archaeological evidence for it. It is generally accepted that a "House of David" existed, but some scholars believe that David could have only been the "king." Or chieftain of Judah, "which was likely small," and that the northern kingdom was a separate development. There are some dissenters to this view, including those who support the traditional narrative, and those support the united monarchy's existence but believe that the Bible contains theological exaggerations.
Overview tablesβ»
Kings and prophetsβ»
Table: kings and prophets |
This table describes the kings, their parents, age they lived, the prophets who influenced them, and the emperors they encountered in battle. |
Diagrams, Saul to Zedekiahβ»
Summary diagram |
Family tree | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Abimelech, son of Gideonβ»
- Abimelech β the son of Gideon, was the first man declared a king in the Land Israel; he ruled from Sichem over the territory of Manasseh.
House of Saulβ»
According to the Bible, the Tribes of Israel lived as a confederation under ad hoc charismatic leaders called judges. In around 1020 BCE, under extreme threat from foreign peoples, the tribes united to form the first United Kingdom of Israel. Samuel anointed Saul from the Tribe of Benjamin as the first king.
- Saul (1020β1000 BCE) or (1040-1000 BCE)
- Ish-bosheth (Esbaal) (1000β991 BCE)
House of David: united monarchyβ»
Albright | Thiele | Galil | Kitchen | Common/ Biblical name |
Regnal Name and style |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1000β962 | 1010β970 | 1010β970 | David | ΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧ©Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
David ben Yishai, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Judah for 7 years in Hebron, then Israel & Judah in Jerusalem for 33 years; 40 years in total. Death: natural causes | |
962β922 | 970β931 | 971β931 | Solomon | Χ©ΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Shelomo ben David, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel & Judah in Jerusalem for 40 years. Death: natural causes Son of David by Bathsheba, his rights of succession were disputed by his older half-brother Adonijah | |
922β915 | 931β913 | 931β914 | 931β915 | Rehoboam | Χ¨ΧΧΧ’Χ ΧΧ-Χ©ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Rechav'am ben Shlomo, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 17 years. After 3 years, the kingdom was split into the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Death: natural causes |
Separation into two kingdomsβ»
After Rehoboam reigned three years, the United Kingdom of Israel was divided in two β the northern Kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam, with its capital, first in Shechem, then Penuel, Tirzah, and finally Samaria, and ruled by a series of dynasties beginning with Jeroboam; and the southern Kingdom of Judah with its capital still in Jerusalem and ruled by the House of David. Under Hezekiah's rule in the Kingdom of Judah, the Neo-Assyrian Empire conquered and destroyed the northern kingdom 722 BCE leaving only the southern kingdom of Judah.
Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)β»
Albright | Thiele | Galil | Kitchen | Common/Biblical name | Regnal Name and style | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The House of Jeroboamβ» | ||||||
922β901 BCE | 931β910 BCE | 931β909 BCE | 931β911 BCE | Jeroboam I | ΧΧ¨ΧΧ’Χ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-Χ ΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Yarob'am ben Nevat, Melekh Yisra'el |
Led the rebellion and divided the kingdoms. Reigned in Israel (Northern Kingdom) for 22 years. Death: Natural Causes |
901β900 BCE | 910β909 BCE | 909β908 BCE | 911β910 BCE | Nadab | Χ ΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧ¨ΧΧ’Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Nadav ben Yarob'am, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned in Israel for 2 years. Death: Killed by Baasha, son of Ahijah of the house of Issachar, along with his whole family. |
The House of Baashaβ» | ||||||
900β877 BCE | 909β886 BCE | 908β885 BCE | 910β887 BCE | Baasha | ΧΧ’Χ©Χ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Ba'sha ben Achiyah, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Tirzah for 24 years. Death: Natural Causes |
877β876 BCE | 886β885 BCE | 885β884 BCE | 887β886 BCE | Elah | ΧΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧ’Χ©Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
'Ela ben Ba'sha, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Tirzah for 2 years. Death: Zimri, one of his officials, got him drunk and killed him at his house in Azra. |
The House of Zimriβ» | ||||||
876 BCE | 885 BCE | 884 BCE | 886 BCE | Zimri | ΧΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Zimri, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Tirzah for 7 days. Death: He set his palace on fire when Omri and all the Israelites with him withdrew from Gibbethon and laid siege to Tirzah. |
The House of Tibniβ» | ||||||
876β871 BCE | 885β880 BCE | β | β | Tibni | ΧͺΧΧ Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Tibni, Melekh Yisra'el |
Rival claimant to Omri, reigned for several years. Death: Was apparently killed while assailed by the soldiers of Omri β his death is recorded. But the circumstances surrounding it go unexplained. |
The House of Omriβ» | ||||||
876β869 BCE | 885β874 BCE | 884β873 BCE | 886β875 BCE | Omri | Χ’ΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
'Omri, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 12 years. Death: Natural Causes |
869β850 BCE | 874β853 BCE | 873β852 BCE | 875β853 BCE | Ahab | ΧΧΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-Χ’ΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Ach'av ben 'Omri, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 22 years. Death: Shot by an archer during the battle at Ramoth Gilead. He died upon his arrival at Samaria. |
850β849 BCE | 853β852 BCE | 852β851 BCE | 853β852 BCE | Ahaziah | ΧΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
'Achazyahu ben 'Ach'av, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 2 years. Death: He fell through the lattice of his upper room and injured himself. Elijah the prophet told him he would never leave his bed and would die on it. |
849β842 BCE | 852β841 BCE | 851β842 BCE | 852β841 BCE | Joram | ΧΧΧ¨Χ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Yehoram ben 'Ach'av, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 12 years. Death: Killed by Jehu, the next king of Israel |
The House of Jehuβ» | ||||||
842β815 BCE | 841β814 BCE | 842β815 BCE | 841β814 BCE | Jehu | ΧΧΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-Χ ΧΧ©Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Yehu ben Yehoshafat, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 28 years. Death: Natural Causes |
815β801 BCE | 814β798 BCE | 819β804 BCE | 814β806 BCE | Jehoahaz | ΧΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Yeho'achaz ben Yehu, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 17 years. Death: Natural Causes |
801β786 BCE | 798β782 BCE | 805β790 BCE | 806β791 BCE | Jehoash (Joash) | ΧΧΧΧ© ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Yo'ash ben Yeho'achaz, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 16 years. Death: Natural Causes |
786β746 BCE | 782β753 BCE | 790β750 BCE | 791β750 BCE | Jeroboam II | ΧΧ¨ΧΧ’Χ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧΧΧ© ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Yarob'am ben Yo'ash, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 41 years. Death: Natural Causes. The Book of Jonah or Jonah's journey to Nineveh (when he was swallowed by a whale or fish) happened at that time. |
746 BCE | 753 BCE | 750β749 BCE | 750 BCE | Zachariah | ΧΧΧ¨ΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧ¨ΧΧ’Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Zekharya ben Yarob'am, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 6 months. Death: Shallum son of Jabesh killed him in front of the people and succeeded as king. |
The House of Shallumβ» | ||||||
745 BCE | 752 BCE | 749 BCE | 749 BCE | Shallum | Χ©ΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧΧ© ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Shallum ben Yavesh, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 1 month. Death: Menahem son of Gadi attacked Shallum and assassinated him. |
The House of Menahem (also known as the House of Gadi)β» | ||||||
745β738 BCE | 752β742 BCE | 749β738 BCE | 749β739 BCE | Menahem | ΧΦ°Χ Φ·ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Menachem ben Gadi, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 10 years. Death: Natural Causes |
738β737 BCE | 742β740 BCE | 738β736 BCE | 739β737 BCE | Pekahiah | Χ€Χ§ΧΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΦ°Χ Φ·ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Peqachya ben Menachem, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 2 years. Death: Pekah son of Remaliah, one of the chief officers, took 50 men with him and assassinated the king in his palace at Samaria. |
The House of Pekahβ» | ||||||
737β732 BCE | 740β732 BCE | 736β732 BCE | 737β732 BCE | Pekah | Χ€Χ§Χ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-Χ¨ΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Peqach ben Remalyahu, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 20 years. Death: Hoshea son of Elah conspired against him and assassinated him. |
The House of Hosheaβ» | ||||||
732β722 BCE | 732β722 BCE | 732β722 BCE | 732β722 BCE | Hoshea | ΧΧΧ©Χ’ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ-ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ
Hoshea' ben 'Ela, Melekh Yisra'el |
Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 9 years. Death: King Shalmaneser attacked and captured Samaria. He charged Hoshea with treason and he put him in prison, then, he deported the Israelites to Assyria. |
Kingdom of Judahβ»
Albright | Thiele | Galil | Kitchen | Common/Biblical name | Regnal Name and style | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
House of Davidβ» | ||||||
915β913 | 913β911 | 914β911 | 915β912 | Abijah | ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ-Χ¨ΧΧΧ’Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
'Aviyam ben Rechav'am, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 3 years. Death: natural causes. |
913β873 | 911β870 | 911β870 | 912β871 | Asa | ΧΧ‘Χ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
'Asa ben 'Aviyam, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 41 years. Death: severe foot disease. |
873β849 | 870β848 | 870β845 | 871β849 | Jehoshaphat | ΧΧΧΧ©Χ€Χ ΧΧ-ΧΧ‘Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Yehoshafat ben 'Asa, Melekh Yahudah |
Reigned for 25 years. Death: natural causes. |
849β842 | 848β841 | 851β843 | 849β842 | Jehoram | ΧΧΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧΧ©Χ€Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Yehoram ben Yehoshafat, Melekh Yahudah |
Reigned for 8 years. Death: severe stomach disease. |
842β842 | 841β841 | 843β842 | 842β841 | Ahaziah | ΧΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
'Achazyahu ben Yehoram, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 1 year. Death: killed by Jehu, who usurped the throne of Israel. |
House of Omriβ» | ||||||
842β837 | 841β835 | 842β835 | 841β835 | Athaliah
(Queen) |
Χ’ΧͺΧΧΧ ΧΧͺ-Χ’ΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧΧΧͺ ΧΧΧΧΧ
'Atalya bat 'Omri, Malkat Yehudah |
Reigned for 6 years. Death: killed by the troops assigned by Jehoiada the Priest to protect Joash. Queen Mother, widow of Jehoram and mother of Ahaziah. |
House of Davidβ» | ||||||
837β800 | 835β796 | 835β802 | 835β796 | Jehoash (Joash) | ΧΧΧΧΧ© ΧΧ-ΧΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Yeho'ash ben 'Achazyahu, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 40 years. Death: killed by his officials namely: Zabad, son of Shimeath, an Ammonite woman, and Jehozabad, son of Shimrith, a Moabite woman. |
800β783 | 796β767 | 805β776 | 796β776 | Amaziah | ΧΧΧ¦ΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧΧΧ© ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
'Amatzyah ben Yehoash, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 29 years. Death: killed in Lachish by the men sent by his officials who conspired against him. |
783β742 | 767β740 | 788β736 | 776β736 | Uzziah | Χ’ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧ¦ΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
'Uzziyahu ben 'Amatzyah, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 52 years. Death: Tzaraath. George Syncellus wrote that the First Olympiad took place in Uzziah's 48th regnal year. |
742β735 | 740β732 | 758β742 | 750β735/30 | Jotham | ΧΧΧͺΧ ΧΧ-Χ’ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Yotam ben 'Uzziyahu, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 16 years. Death: natural causes. |
735β715 | 732β716 | 742β726 | 735/31β715 | Ahaz | ΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧͺΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
'Achaz ben Yotam, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 16 years. Death: natural causes. The Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III records he received tribute from Ahaz; compare 2 Kings 16:7-9. |
715β687 | 716β687 | 726β697 | 715β687 | Hezekiah | ΧΧΧ§ΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Chizeqiyahu ben 'Achaz, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 29 years. Death: Natural Causes. Contemporary with Sennacherib of Assyria and Merodach-Baladan of Babylon. |
687β642 | 687β643 | 697β642 | 687β642 | Manasseh | ΧΧ Χ©Χ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧ§ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Menashe ben Chizeqiyahu, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 55 years. Death: natural causes. Mentioned in Assyrian records as a contemporary of Esarhaddon. |
642β640 | 643β641 | 642β640 | 642β640 | Amon | ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧ Χ©Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
'Amon ben Menashe, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 2 years. Death: killed by his officials, who were killed later on by the people of Judah. |
640β609 | 641β609 | 640β609 | 640β609 | Josiah | ΧΧΧ©ΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Yo'shiyahu ben 'Amon, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 31 years. Death: shot by archers during the battle against Neco of Egypt. He died upon his arrival on Jerusalem. |
609 | 609 | 609 | 609 | Jehoahaz | ΧΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧ©ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Yeho'achaz ben Yo'shiyahu, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 3 months. Death: Necho II, king of Egypt, dethroned him, and got him replaced by his brother, Eliakim. Carried off to Egypt, where he died. |
609β598 | 609β598 | 609β598 | 609β598 | Jehoiakim | ΧΧΧΧΧ§ΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧ©ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Yehoyaqim ben Yo'shiyahu, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 11 years. Death: Natural Causes. The Battle of Carchemish occurred in the fourth year of his reign (Jeremiah 46:2). |
598 | 598 | 598β597 | 598β597 | Jehoiachin/Jeconiah | ΧΧΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧΧΧ§ΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Yehoyakhin ben Yehoyaqim, Melekh Yehudah ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧΧΧ§ΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ Yekhonyahu ben Yehoyaqim, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 3 months & 10 days. Death: King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon sent for him and brought him to Babylon, where he lived and died. Jerusalem was captured by the Babylonians and Jehoiachin deposed on 16 March, 597 BCE. Called Jeconiah in Jeremiah and Esther. |
597β587 | 597β586 | 597β586 | 597β586 | Zedekiah | Χ¦ΧΧ§ΧΧΧ ΧΧ-ΧΧΧ©ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ
Tzideqiyahu ben Yo'shiyahu, Melekh Yehudah |
Reigned for 11 years. Death: In prison. His reign saw the second rebellion against Nebuchadnezzar (588β586 BCE). Jerusalem was captured after a lengthy siege, the temple burnt, Zedekiah blinded and taken into exile, and Judah reduced to a province. |
Hasmonean Dynastyβ»
Dates | Common name | Name and style | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Hasmonean Dynastyβ» | |||
104β103 BCE | Judah | Aristobulus I
King and High Priest of Judaea |
The first leader from the Hasmonean lineage to call himself king, and also the first of any Judean king to claim both the high priesthood and kingship title. |
103β76 BCE | Jonathan Yannai | Alexander Jannaeus
King and High Priest of Judaea |
|
76β67 BCE | Shelomzion | Salome Alexandra
Queen of Judaea |
|
67β63 BCE | Aristobulus | Aristobulus II
King and High Priest of Judaea |
|
63β40 BCE | Jonathan Hurqanos | Hyrcanus II
King and High Priest of Judaea; Ethnarch of Judaea |
King from 67 BCE, High Priest from 76 BCE |
40β37 BCE | Matityahu | Antigonus II Mattathias
King and High Priest of Judaea |
Herodian Dynastyβ»
- Herod the Great (r. 37β4 BCE)
- Herod Agrippa (r. 41β44 CE)
Family Treeβ»
See alsoβ»
- History of ancient Israel and Judah
- List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
- Lists of ancient kings
Referencesβ»
- ^ Lipschits, Oded (2014). "The history of Israel in the biblical period". In Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (eds.). The Jewish Study Bible (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-997846-5.
The promonarchic period long ago became a literary description of the mythological roots, the early beginnings of the nation, and the way to describe the right of Israel on its land. The archeological evidence also does not support the existence of a united monarchy under David and Solomon as described in the Bible, so the rubric of "united monarchy" is best abandoned, although it remains useful for discussing how the Bible views the Israelite past.
- ^ Lipschits, Oded (2014). "The history of Israel in the biblical period". In Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (eds.). The Jewish Study Bible (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-997846-5.
The promonarchic period long ago became a literary description of the mythological roots, the early beginnings of the nation, and the way to describe the right of Israel on its land. The archeological evidence also does not support the existence of a united monarchy under David and Solomon as described in the Bible, so the rubric of "united monarchy" is best abandoned, although it remains useful for discussing how the Bible views the Israelite past.
- ^ Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2001). The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of its Stories. New York: Simon & Schu. ISBN 0-684-86912-8.
- ^ Kuhrt, AmΓ©lie (1995). The Ancient Near East, c. 3000β330 BC, Band 1. New York: Routledge. p. 438. ISBN 978-0-41516-762-8.
- ^ Wright, Jacob L. (July 2014). "David, King of Judah (not Israel)". The Bible and Interpretation.
- ^ Judges 9:6
- ^ 2 Chronicles 11:17
- ^ Considered to be a contemporary of the Assyrian King Shalmaneser III (858β824 BC) to whom he paid tribute. This is based on an inscription on The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III showing "Yaua" son of Omri paying tribute, dated to 841 BCE.
- ^ Paid tribute to the Assyrian King Shalmaneser V (727β722 BCE) but rebelled in 725 BCE. Shalmaneser besieged the capital, Samaria, but died shortly before the fall of the city. His brother Sargon II (722β705 BCE) completed the siege with success in 722. Some of the population of the Northern Kingdom was exiled to other parts of the Assyrian Empire and new population groups were resettled in the new Assyrian province of Samaria. A small group of people fled south to take refuge in Judah.
- ^ Jeremiah 52:11
External linksβ»
- King at the Jewish Encyclopedia
- Kings of the Jews at Project MUSE
- Kings of the Jews: Israel, Judah, Hasmoneans & Herodians at The Algemeiner