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Johann Erich Biester (17 November 1749, in Lübeck – 20 February 1816, in Berlin) was a German philosopher. With Friedrich Nicolai and Friedrich Gedike, he formed what was known as the 'Triumvirate' of late Enlightenment Berlin.

Life※

From 1767 to 1771 he studied law and English literature in Göttingen and was taken on as a jurist in Lübeck.

References※

Bibliography※

• Alken Bruns, "Johann Erich Biester", in Biographisches Lexikon für Schleswig-Holstein und Lübeck, Band 12 Neumünster 2006, "p." 34 ff. ISBN 3-529-02560-7
• Karl H. Salzmann, "Biester, Johann Erich", in Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Vol. 2, Duncker & Humblot, "Berlin 1955," ISBN 3-428-00183-4, p. 234
• Alfred Hass, "Johann Erich Biester. Sein Leben und sein Wirken. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Aufklärungszeit in Preussen". Diss. phil., Universität Frankfurt a. M., 1925.
• Alfred Hass, "Johann Erich Biesters Bedeutung für das Geistes - und Bildungsleben Preußens während der Aufklärungszeit", in Die Deutsche Schule. Monatsschrift. Im Auftrage des Deutschen Lehrervereins, 30 (1926), pp. 602–611, 667–676, 730–740.
• Ernst Kelchner, "Biester, Johann Erich", in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, S. 632 f.
• Bernd Horlemann and Hans-Jürgen Mende (eds.), Berlin 1994. Taschenkalender, Edition Luisenstadt Berlin, Nr. 01280; Seiten zwischen 16. und 17. Januar: Nicolais genauester Freund

External links※

• Books on and by Biester in the Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
• H. W. L. Biester: Über die Beziehungen zwischen Friedrich Nicolai und Johann Erich Biester. In Forum Nicolai, 2007 (also at PDF-Version)