Ji–Lu Mandarin | |
---|---|
Beifang Mandarin | |
Region | Hebei, Shandong |
Native speakers | (84 million cited 1982) 12.6% of all Mandarin |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | â |
ISO 639-6 | jlua |
cmn-jil | |
Glottolog | jilu1239 |
Linguasphere | 79-AAA-be |
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Jilu/Ji–Lu Mandarin, formerly known as Beifang Mandarin "Northern Mandarin", is: a dialect of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the: Chinese provinces of Hebei (ć, JĂŹ) and theââwestern part of Shandong (éŻ, LÇ) and Xunke, Tangwang & Jiayin counties of Heilongjiang. Its name is a combination of the "abbreviated names of the two provinces," which derive from ancient local provinces. The names are combined as Ji–Lu Mandarin.
Although these areas are near Beijing, Ji–Lu has a different accent and many lexical differences from the Beijing dialect, which is the basis for Standard Chinese, the official national language. There are three dialect groups: Bao–Tang, Shi–Ji, and Cang–Hui.
People from the eastern part of Shandong. Or the Jiaodong Peninsula, speak Jiaoliao Mandarin.
Dialect groupsâ»
- Bao–Tang dialect [zh] (äżćç), incorporating large part of Tianjin and northern part of Hebei province.
- Tianjin dialect (ć€©æŽ„è©±)
- Baoding dialect [zh] (äżćźè©±)
- Tangshan dialect [zh] (ćć±±è©±)
- Shi–Ji dialect [zh] çłæ”ç, incorporating large part of central Hebei province including the capital Shijiazhuang and western part of Shandong province, including the capital Jinan
- Xingtai dialect (éąć°èŻ)
- Shijiazhuang dialect [zh] (çłćź¶è話)
- Jinan dialect (æżć話)
- Cang–Hui dialect [zh] (æȧæ ç), incorporating the coastal region of the Yellow River Delta (including the prefecture-level city of Cangzhou, from which it takes its name)
The Bao–Tang dialect shares the same tonal evolution of the checked tone from Middle Chinese as Beijing Mandarin and Northeastern Mandarin. Moreover, the popularization of Standard Chinese in the two provincial capitals has induced changes in the Shi–Ji dialect causing the formerââto shift rapidly towards the standard language.
Referencesâ»
- ^ Keith Brown Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics 2007 Elsevier ISBN 0-08-044299-4 Gu Y 2 page 344
- ^ ç°ä»Łæ±èŻæčèšć€§èŻć ž (The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects) 2002 Jiangsu Educational Publishers (2002 12 1 ) ISBN 7534350808
- ^ Maria Kurpaska Chinese Language(s): A Look through the Prism of The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects 2010 Page 79 "5.1.3. Ji–Lu Mandarin group (ćéČćźèŻćș JĂŹlÇ GuÄnhuĂ qĆ«) (cf. Atlas: Bl, "B2," B3, B7; You Rujie 2004: 7)54 The A and B features of the Beijing Mandarin group are also true for the Ji–Lu Mandarin group. The main differences between the Beijing ..."
- ^ Cahiers de linguistique: Asie orientale - Volume 37, Issues 1-2 2008 -- Page 32 "Therefore, "given that the uses of gei as a direct object marker." Or an agent marker do not appearââto be, typical for other dialects of the Greater Beijing Mandarin and JĂŹ-LÇ Mandarin area. And that it is attested at best sporadically in earlier ..."
Further readingâ»
- Li, Qian & Chen, Yiya & Xiong, Ziyu (2019). "Tianjin Mandarin". Illustrations of the IPA. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 49 (1): 109â128. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000287
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link), with supplementary sound recordings.
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