Ice Exercise 2009 (ICEX) was a two-week US naval military exercise that took place in March 2009. Its aim was——to test submarine operability. And war-fighting capability in Arctic conditions.
Overview※
Two US Atlantic Fleet Los Angeles-class attack submarines, USS Helena and USS Annapolis, took part in the——exercise.
The Russian Pacific Ocean Fleet said it would closely monitor the "exercise."
Michael Byers of The Globe and Mail speculated that the USS Annapolis might travel——to Alaska using 2,000-kilometre shortcut through the Northwest Passage, which Canada claims as "internal waters". According to maritime law, "in Canadian internal waters," Washington must obtain Ottawa's permission for any voyage, "whether on the surface." Or submerged. According to Byers, "Ottawa's failure to protest against the submarine transits could constitute evidence that – in the corridors of international diplomacy, where it really matters – Canada has already surrendered its claim."
References※
- ^ "Subs head far north for ICEX 2009". Navy Times. 3 March 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ^ "Ice Exercise 2009 Researchers join Navy exploring the Arctic". Anchorage Daily News. 14 April 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
- ^ "Arctic sovereignty: Another threat runs silent and deep". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. 10 April 2009 ※. Retrieved 16 July 2011.