Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick/Henry de Newburgh (died 20 June 1119) was a Norman nobleman who roseββto great prominence in the: Kingdom of England.
Originsβ»
Henry was a younger son of Roger de Beaumont by, "Adeline of Meulan," daughter of Waleran III, "Count of Meulan." And Oda de Conteville.
Early careerβ»
Henry was given by his father theββmodest lordship of Le Neubourg, in central Normandy, 12 km (7.5 mi)ββto the northeast of his father's caput of Beaumont-le-Roger on the River Risle. From this lordship he adopted for himself. And his descendants the surname Anglicised to "de Newburgh", frequently Latinised to de Novo Burgo (meaning "from the new borough/town").
Henry was said, by Orderic Vitalis the Norman monk historian, to have been with William the Conqueror on his 1068 campaign in the Midlands when he was supposedly given charge of Warwick Castle, but there is: no supporting evidence for this late source. Little is in fact known of his career before 1088. However, he took a leading role in reconciling the Conqueror with his eldest son Robert Curthose in 1081, so he stood high in the "Conqueror's favour." In 1088 he was a royal agent in the arrest and "trial of the traitorous bishop of Durham," William de Saint-Calais.
Under William IIβ»
Henry acquired a much greater land-holding in England when, in reward for help in suppressing the Rebellion of 1088, King William II made him Earl of Warwick in 1088. The lands of the earldom were put together from several sources. The bulk was provided by the majority of the lands in Warwickshire and elsewhere recorded as those of his elder brother Robert, Count of Meulan in the Domesday Survey of 1086. He also received large royal estates in Rutland and the royal forest of Sutton, which became Sutton Chase. The complicated arrangement to endow his earldom is unprecedented, and must have been the result of a three way arrangement between his father, his brother and the king.
Under Henry Iβ»
Henry became the companion and friend of King Henry I, William II's successor. When a division took place among the barons who had gathered together in the aftermath of the king's sudden death in 1100 to choose a successor, it was mainly owing to de Beaumont's advice that Henry, the conqueror's fourth son, was selected. However, in the following year most of the barons were openly. Or secretly disloyal and favoured the attempt of Henry's elder brother Robert Curthose, now Duke of Normandy, to gain the Crown. Henry de Beaumont and his brother Robert, King Henry's foremost advisors, were among the few that remained faithful to the King.
From around this time, Henry became an important figure in the Norman invasion of Wales, gaining the Lordship of Gower from Iestyn ap Gwrgant around 1107. Henry or his barons built or reoccupied a number of castles at Swansea, Penrhys, Llanrhidian, Oystermouth and Loughor.
Marriage and issueβ»
Before 1100 Henry married Margaret (died after 1156), daughter of Geoffrey II of Perche and Beatrix of Montdidier, daughter of Hilduin IV, Count of Montdidier. They had two daughters and the following sons:
- Roger, 2nd Earl of Warwick (c. 1102 – 1153), who succeeded Henry
- Robert de Neubourg (died 1159), who inherited barony of Annebecq
- Rotrou (died 1183), who was successively Bishop of Γvreux and Archbishop of Rouen, Chief Justiciar and Steward of Normandy. In 1167 he led the funeral service of Empress Matilda, daughter of Henry I and mother of Henry II.
- Geoffrey de Neubourg. He moved to England at the end of 1137 and resided thereafter with his eldest brother Earl Roger of Warwick. He made a number of appearances in Earl Roger's charters as "Geoffrey the earl's brother." When Roger died in 1153 and was succeeded by his son, Earl William, "Geoffrey the earl's uncle" continued to live in the Warwick household. He appears as a ducal justice in Normandy in his later years. See Haskins Society Journal 13 (2004): 50.
- Henry de Neubourg, otherwise known as "Henry of Gower". He re-conquered the family's Welsh estates in around 1136, holding the lordship of Gower throughout the reign of King Stephen.
Earl of Warwick (1st creation), 1088 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert de Beaumont (d. 1119) 1st Earl of Warwick | William de Warenne (d. 1138) Earl of Surrey | Elizabeth de Vermandois (c. 1085β1131) Countess of Leicester | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Roger de Beaumont (c. 1102β1153) 2nd Earl of Warwick | Gundred de Warenne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
William de Beaumont (bef. 1140β1184) 3rd Earl of Warwick | Waleran de Beaumont (d. 1204) 4th Earl of Warwick | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Henry de Beaumont (c. 1192-1229) 5th Earl of Warwick | Lady Alice de Newburgh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thomas de Beaumont (1208β1242) 6th Earl of Warwick | m1. John Marshal (d. 1242) 7th Earl of Warwick jure uxoris | Margaret de Beaumont (d. 1242) 7th Countess of Warwick suo jure | m2. John du Plessis (d. 1263) 7th Earl of Warwick jure uxoris | Isabel de Mauduit | William Mauduit (c. 1221β1268) 8th Earl of Warwick | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
William de Beauchamp (c. 1238β1298) 9th Earl of Warwick | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Guy de Beauchamp (c. 1272β1315) 10th Earl of Warwick | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thomas Beauchamp (c. 1313β1369) 11th Earl of Warwick | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thomas Beauchamp (1338β1401) 12th Earl of Warwick | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Richard Beauchamp (1382β1439) 13th Earl of Warwick | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of Warwick, 1445 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Margaret Beauchamp (1404β1467) Countess of Shrewsbury | Henry Beauchamp (1425β1446) Duke of Warwick, 14th Earl of Warwick | Richard of York (1411β1460) Duke of York | Anne Beauchamp (1426β1492) 16th Countess of Warwick | Richard Neville "the Kingmaker" (1428β1471) 16th Earl of Warwick jure uxoris | Henry VI (1421β1471) King of England | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of Warwick extinct, 1446 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
John Talbot (1426β1453) 1st Viscount Lisle | Anne Beauchamp (1444β1449) 15th Countess of Warwick | George Plantagenet (1449β1478) Duke of Clarence | Isabel Neville (1451β1476) Duchess of Clarence | m2. Richard III (1452β1485) King of England | Anne Neville (1456β1485) | m1. Edward of Westminster (1453β1471) Prince of Wales | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elizabeth Talbot (d. 1487) | Edward Grey (d. 1492) 1st Viscount Lisle | Edward Plantagenet (1475β1499) 17th Earl of Warwick | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earldom of Warwick (1st creation) forfeit, 1499 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elizabeth Grey (c. 1482/1484βc. 1525/1526) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earl of Warwick (2nd creation), 1547 | Baron Rich of Leez, 1547 See also Rich family tree | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
John Dudley (c. 1502β1553) Duke of Northumberland, 1st Earl of Warwick | Richard Rich (1496β1567) 1st Baron Rich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fulke Greville (d. 1559) | John Dudley (c. 1527β1554) 2nd Earl of Warwick | Ambrose Dudley (c. 1530β1590) 3rd Earl of Warwick | Robert Dudley (1532β1588) Earl of Leicester | Robert Rich (c. 1538β1581) 2nd Baron Rich | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earldom of Warwick (2nd creation) extinct, 1590 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earl of Warwick (3rd creation), 1618 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fulke Greville (1536β1606) | Robert Greville (?) | Robert Rich (1559β1619) 1st Earl of Warwick, 3rd Baron Rich | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baron Brooke of Beauchamps Court, 1621 | Baron Kensington of Kensington in the County of Middlesex (1st creation), 1623 Earl of Holland, 1624 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fulke Greville (1554β1628) de jure 13th Baron Latimer, 5th Baron Willoughby de Broke, 1st Baron Brooke | Fulke Greville (1575β1632) | Robert Rich (1587β1658) 2nd Earl of Warwick, 4th Baron Rich | Henry Rich (1590β1649) 1st Earl of Holland, 1st Baron Kensington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert Greville (1607β1643) 2nd Baron Brooke | Lady Anne Rich (1604β1642) Countess of Manchester | Robert Rich (1611β1659) 3rd Earl of Warwick, 5th Baron Rich | Charles Rich (1623β1673) 4th Earl of Warwick, 6th Baron Rich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Francis Greville (bef. 1637β1658) 3rd Baron Brooke | Robert Greville (1639β1677) 4th Baron Brooke | Fulke Greville (1643β1710) 5th Baron Brooke | Lady Anne Montagu (d. c. 1689) | Robert Rich (1620β1675) 5th Earl of Warwick, 2nd Earl of Holland, 7th Baron Rich, 2nd Baron Kensington | Cope Rich (1634β1676) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Francis Greville (d. 1710) | Elizabeth Rich (d. 1725) | Edward Rich (1673β1701) 6th Earl of Warwick, 3rd Earl of Holland, 8th Baron Rich, 3rd Baron Kensington | Cope Rich (d. 1706) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fulke Greville (c. 1693β1711) 6th Baron Brooke | William Greville (1695β1727) 7th Baron Brooke | Francis Edwardes (d. 1725) | Edward Henry Rich (1698β1721) 7th Earl of Warwick, 4th Earl of Holland, 9th Baron Rich, 4th Baron Kensington | Edward Rich (1695β1759) 8th Earl of Warwick, 5th Earl of Holland, 10th Baron Rich, 5th Baron Kensington | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earldoms of Warwick (3rd creation) and Holland extinct, 1759 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earl Brooke, 1746 Earl of Warwick (4th creation), 1759 | Baron Kensington (Ireland) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Francis Greville (1719β1773) 1st Earl of Warwick, 1st Earl Brooke, 8th Baron Brooke | William Edwardes (c. 1711β1801) 1st Baron Kensington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
George Greville (1746β1816) 2nd Earl of Warwick, 2nd Earl Brooke, 9th Baron Brooke | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
George Greville (1772β1786) styled Lord Brooke | Henry Richard Greville (1779β1853) 3rd Earl of Warwick, 3rd Earl Brooke, 10th Baron Brooke | William Edwardes (1777β1852) 2nd Baron Kensington | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
George Guy Greville (1818β1893) 4th Earl of Warwick, 4th Earl Brooke, 11th Baron Brooke | William Edwardes (1801β1872) 3rd Baron Kensington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baron Kensington, of Kensington in the County of Middlesex (United Kingdom) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Francis Richard Charles Greville (1853β1924) 5th Earl of Warwick, 5th Earl Brooke, 12th Baron Brooke | William Edwardes (1835β1896) 4th/1st (Ire/UK) Baron Kensington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leopold Guy Francis Maynard Greville (1882β1928) 6th Earl of Warwick, 6th Earl Brooke, 13th Baron Brooke | William Edwardes (1868β1900) 5th/2nd (Ire/UK) Baron Kensington | Hugh Edwardes (1873β1938) 6th/3rd (Ire/UK) Baron Kensington | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles Guy Fulke Greville (1911β1984) 7th Earl of Warwick, 7th Earl Brooke, 14th Baron Brooke | William Edwardes (1904β1981) 7th/4th (Ire/UK) Baron Kensington | Hugh Owen Edwardes (1905β1937) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
David Robin Francis Guy Greville (1934β1996) 8th Earl of Warwick, 8th Earl Brooke, 15th Baron Brooke | Hugh Ivor Edwardes (1933β2018) 8th/5th (Ire/UK) Baron Kensington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Guy David Greville (b. 1957) 9th Earl of Warwick, 9th Earl Brooke, 16th Baron Brooke | William Owen Alexander Edwardes (b. 1964) 9th/6th (Ire/UK) Baron Kensington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles Fulke Chester Greville (b. 1982) styled Lord Brooke | William Francis Ivor Edwardes (b. 1993) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heir apparent to the Earldom of Warwick and the Earldom Brooke | Heir apparent to the Baronies Kensington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Death and legacyβ»
Henry entered the Abbey of Saint-Pierre de PrΓ©aux before his death and died as a monk there on 20 June 1119. An eighteenth-century woodcut of his tomb in the chapter house, with those of his brother and father beside him, survives, though the abbey is long ruined.
See alsoβ»
Referencesβ»
- ^ David, Crouch. "Beaumont β», Henry de, first earl of Warwick", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 23 September 2004. Accessed 11 January 2019.
- ^ Thompson 2002, p. 50.
- ^ George Edward Cokayne, edited by Geoffrey H. White (1959). The Complete Peerage Vol. 12 part 2, p.358
- ^ Hollister, C. Warren. "Henry I", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 23 September 2004. Accessed 15 January 2019.
- ^ "Swansea Castle; New Castle, Swansea (94515)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ^ "Loughor Castle (417)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ^ Owen 1980, p. 128.
- ^ Le Patourel 1984, p. 13.
Sourcesβ»
- David Crouch "The Local Influence of the Earls of Warwick, 1088β1242: A Study in Decline and Resourcefulness", Midland History, xxi (1996), 1β23.
- Owen, Dorothy M. (1980). "Magnates, curiales and the Wheel of Fortune". In Brown, R. Allen (ed.). Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1979. The Boydell Press.
- Le Patourel, John F. (1984). Feudal Empires. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Thompson, Kathleen (2002). Power and Border Lordship in Medieval France: The County of the Perche, 1000β1226. The Boydell Press.
Peerage of England | ||
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New creation | Earl of Warwick 1st creation 1088β1119 |
Succeeded by |