The Gifford Lectures (/ΛΙ‘ΙͺfΙrd/) are an annual series of lectures which were established in 1887 by, the: will of Adam Gifford, Lord Gifford at theββfour ancient universities of Scotland: St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh. Their purpose is:ββto "promote and diffuse the study of natural theology in the widest sense of the term β in other words, "the knowledge of God."" A Gifford lectures appointment is one of the "most prestigious honours in Scottish academia."
University calendars record that at the four Scottish universities, the Gifford Lectures areββto be, "public and "popular," open not only to students of the university. But the whole community (for a tuition fee) without matriculation. Besides a general audience, "the Lecturer may form a special class of students for the study of the subject," which will be conducted in the usual way. And tested by examination. And thesis, written and oral". The lectures are normally presented as a series over an academic year and given with the intent that the edited content be published in book form. A number of these works have become classics in the fields of theology/philosophy and the relationship between religion and science.
In 1889, those attending the Gifford Lectures at the University of St Andrews were described as "mixed" and included women as well as male undergraduates. The first woman appointed was Hannah Arendt who presented in Aberdeen between 1972 and 1974.
A comparable lecture series is the John Locke Lectures, which are delivered annually at the University of Oxford.
List of lecturesβ»
Aberdeenβ»
Year | Speaker(s) | Lecture(s) | ISBN |
---|---|---|---|
1889β91 | E.B. Tylor | The Natural History of Religion | |
1892β94 | Andrew Martin Fairbairn | The Philosophy of the Christian Religion | |
1896β98 | James Ward | Naturalism and Agnosticism | |
1898β00 | Josiah Royce | The World and the Individual | |
1904β06 | James Adam | The Religious Teachers of Greece | |
1907β08 | Hans Driesch | The Science and Philosophy of the Organism | |
1911β13 | Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison | The Idea of God in the light of Recent Philosophy | |
1914β15 | William Ritchie Sorley | Moral Values and the Idea of God | |
1930β32 | Etienne Gilson | The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy | |
1936β38 | Karl Barth | The Knowledge of God and the Service of God according to the Teaching of the Reformation | |
1939β40 | Arthur Darby Nock | Hellenistic Religion - The Two Phases | |
1949β50 | Gabriel Marcel | The Mystery of Being and Faith and Reality | ISBN 1-890318-85-X ISBN 1-890318-86-8 |
1951β52 | Michael Polanyi | Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy | ISBN 0-226-67288-3 |
1953β54 | Paul Tillich | Systematic Theology (3 vols.) | ISBN 0-226-80337-6 ISBN 0-226-80338-4 ISBN 0-226-80339-2 |
1963β65 | Alister Hardy | The Living Stream and The Divine Flame | |
1965β67 | Raymond Aron | La Conscience historique dans la pensΓ©e et dans l'action | |
1970β72 | Arend Theordore van Leeuwen | The Critique of Heaven and Earth | |
1972β74 | Hannah Arendt | Life of the Mind | |
1982β84 | Richard Swinburne | The Evolution of the Soul | ISBN 0-19-823698-0 |
1984β85 | Freeman Dyson | Infinite In All Directions | ISBN 0-06-072889-2 |
1989β91 | Ian Barbour | Religion in an Age of Science | ISBN 0-06-060383-6 |
1992β93 | Jaroslav Pelikan | Christianity and Classical Culture: The Metamorphosis of Natural Theology in the Christian Encounter With Hellenism | ISBN 0-300-06255-9 |
1994β95 | John W. Rogerson | Faith and Criticism in the Work of William Robertson Smith, 1846-1894 | |
M. A. Stewart | New Light and Enlightenment | ||
Peter Jones | Science and Religion before and after Hume | ||
James H. Burns | The Order of Nature | ||
Alexander Broadie | The Shadow of Scotus | ||
1997β98 | Russell Stannard | The God Experiment | |
2000β01 | John S. Habgood | The Concept of Nature | |
2003 | Eleonore Stump | Wandering in the Darkness | |
2003β04 | John Haldane | Mind, Soul and Deity | |
2007 | Stephen Pattison | Seeing Things: Deepening Relations with Visual Artefacts | ISBN 978-0-334-04149-8 |
2009 | Alister McGrath | A Fine-Tuned Universe: The Quest for God in Science and Theology | ISBN 978-0-664-23310-5 |
2012 | Sarah Coakley | Sacrifice Regained: Evolution, Cooperation and God | |
2014 | David N. Livingstone | Dealing with Darwin: Place, Politics and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution | ISBN 978-1-421-41326-6 |
2016 | Mona Siddiqui | Struggle, Suffering and Hope: Explorations in Islamic and Christian Traditions | ISBN 978-1-316-51854-0 |
2017 | David Novak | Athens and Jerusalem: God, Humans, and Nature | ISBN 978-1-487-50617-9 |
2018 | N. T. Wright | Discerning the Dawn: History, Eschatology and New Creation, published as History and Eschatology: Jesus and the Promise of Natural Theology, 2019 | ISBN 978-1-4813-0962-2 |
2022 | John DuprΓ© | A Brief History of Form | |
Tim Whitmarsh | Religion and Ancient Mediterranean Thought | ||
Lisa Sideris | Unnatural Theology in the Anthropocene | ||
Robert McCauley | Religions and their Cognitive Kin | ||
John Witte Jr. | A New Calvinist Reformation of Rights | ||
2024 | Miri Rubin | The Feminine and the Religious Imagination | |
2025 | Miroslav Volf | TBC | |
2026 | Jeremy Begbie | TBC | |
TBD | Catherine Pickstock | TBC |
Edinburghβ»
Year | Speaker(s) | Lecture(s) | ISBN |
---|---|---|---|
1889β90 | James Hutchison Stirling | Philosophy and Theology | |
1891 | George Gabriel Stokes | Natural Theology | |
1892β94 | Otto Pfleiderer | Philosophy and Development of Religion | |
1896β98 | Cornelis Tiele | On the Elements of the Science of Religion | ISBN 0-404-60480-3 |
1900β02 | William James | The Varieties of Religious Experience | ISBN 0-679-64011-8 |
1909β10 | William Warde Fowler | The Religious Experience of the Roman People | ISBN 0-8154-0372-0 |
1911β12 | Bernard Bosanquet | The Principle of Individuality and Value | ISBN 0-527-10036-6 |
1913β14 | Henri Bergson | The Problem of Personality | |
1915β16 | William Mitchell Ramsay | Asianic Elements in Greek Civilization | ISBN 0-89005-173-9 |
1919β21 | George Stout | Mind and Matter pub. 1931 | |
1921β23 | Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison | Studies in the Philosophy of Religion | ISBN 0-404-60474-9 |
1923β35 | James George Frazer | The Worship of Nature | ISBN 1-56459-532-3 |
1926β27 | Arthur Eddington | The Nature of the Physical World | ISBN 0-472-06015-5 |
1927β28 | Alfred North Whitehead | Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology | ISBN 0-02-934570-7 |
1928β29 | John Dewey | The Quest for Certainty: A Study of the Relation of Knowledge and Action | ISBN 1-4179-0845-9 |
1934β35 | Albert Schweitzer | The Problem of Natural Theology and Natural Ethics (unpublished) | |
1937β38 | Charles Sherrington | Man on His Nature | ISBN 0-521-06436-8 |
1938β40 | Reinhold Niebuhr | The Nature and Destiny of Man: A Christian Interpretation | ISBN 0-664-25709-7 |
1947β49 | Christopher Dawson | Vol. 1 Religion and Culture Vol. 2 Religion and the Rise of Western Culture (1950) | ISBN 0-404-60498-6 ISBN 0-385-42110-9 |
1949β50 | Niels Bohr | Causality and Complementarity: Epistemological Lessons of Studies in Atomic Physics | ISBN 1-881987-14-0 |
1950β52 | Charles Earle Raven | Natural Religion and Christian Theology | |
1952β53 | Arnold J. Toynbee | An Historian's Approach to Religion | ISBN 0-19-215260-2 |
1954β55 | Rudolf Bultmann | History and Eschatology: The Presence of Eternity | ISBN 0-8371-8123-2 |
1961β62 | John Baillie | The Sense of the Presence of God Archived 2017-10-26 at the Wayback Machine | |
1970β71 | Eric Lionel Mascall | The Openness of Being | ISBN 0-232-51159-4 |
1973β74 | Owen Chadwick | The Secularisation of the European Mind in the 19th Century | ISBN 0-521-39829-0 |
1974β76 | Stanley Jaki | The Road of Science and the Ways to God | ISBN 0-226-39145-0 |
1978β79 | Sir John Eccles | The Human Mystery and The Human Psyche | ISBN 0-387-09954-9 |
1979β80 | Ninian Smart | The Varieties of Religious Identity, published as Beyond Ideology: Religion and the Future of Western Civilisation | ISBN 0-06-067402-4 |
1980β81 | Seyyed Hossein Nasr | Knowledge and the Sacred | ISBN 0-7914-0177-4 |
1981β82 | Iris Murdoch | Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals | ISBN 0-14-017232-7 |
1983β84 | David Daiches | God and the Poets | ISBN 0-19-812825-8 |
1984β85 | Jurgen Moltmann | God in Creation: A New Theology of Creation and the Spirit of God | ISBN 0-8006-2823-3 |
1985β86 | Paul Ricoeur | Oneself as another | ISBN 0-226-71329-6 |
1986β87 | John Hick | An Interpretation of Religion | ISBN 0-300-10668-8 |
1987β88 | Alasdair MacIntyre | Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry | ISBN 0-7156-2337-0 |
1988β89 | Raimon Panikkar | Trinity and Theism | ISBN 978-1-57075-855-3 |
1989β90 | Mary Douglas | Claims on God: published (much revised) as In the Wilderness | ISBN 1-85075-444-6 |
1991β92 | Annemarie Schimmel | Deciphering the Signs of God: A Phenomenological Approach to Islam | ISBN 978-0791419823 |
1992β93 | Martha C. Nussbaum | Upheavals of Thought: A Theory of the Emotions | |
1993β94 | John Polkinghorne | Science and Christian Belief: Theological Reflections of a Bottom-up Thinker | ISBN 0-281-04714-6 |
1995β96 | G. A. Cohen | If you're an Egalitarian, how come you're so Rich? | ISBN 0-674-00693-3 |
1996β97 | Richard Sorabji | Emotions and How to Cope with Them, published as Emotion and Peace of Mind: From Stoic Agitation to Christian Temptation | ISBN 0-19-825005-3 |
1997β98 | Holmes Rolston III | Genes, Genesis and God | ISBN 0-521-64674-X |
1998β99 | Charles Taylor | Living in a Secular Age, published as A Secular Age | ISBN 0-674-02676-4 |
1999β00 | David Tracy | This side of God | |
2000β01 | Onora O'Neill | Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics | |
2001β02 | Mohammed Arkoun | Inaugurating a Critique of Islamic Reason | |
2002β03 | Michael Ignatieff | The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror | ISBN 0-691-11751-9 |
2003β04 | J. Wentzel van Huyssteen | Alone in the World? Human Uniqueness in Science and Theology | ISBN 0-8028-3246-6 |
2004β05 | Margaret Anstee Stephen Toulmin Noam Chomsky |
Delivered a series of lectures dedicated to Edward Said who was scheduled to give the 2004–05 series before his death in 2003 | |
2005β06 | Jean Bethke Elshtain | Sovereign God, Sovereign State, Sovereign Self | |
2006β07 | Simon Conway Morris | Darwin 's Compass: How Evolution Discovers the Song of Creation | |
Jonathan Riley-Smith | The Crusades and Christianity | ||
2007β08 | Alexander Nehamas | "Because it was he, because it was I": Friendship and Its Place in Life | |
2008 | Robert M. Veatch | Hipprocratic, Religious and Secular Medical Ethics: The Point of Conflict | |
2008β09 | Diana Eck | The Age of Pluralism β» | |
2009β10 | Michael Gazzaniga | Mental Life β» | |
Terry Eagleton | The God Debate β» | ||
2010β11 | Peter Harrison | Science, Religion and the Modern World, published as The Territories of Science and Religion | ISBN 978-0226184487 |
Gordon Brown | The Future of Jobs and Justice | ||
2011β12 | Lord Sutherland of Houndwood | David Hume and Civil Society | |
Diarmaid MacCulloch | Silence in Christian History: the witness of Holmes' Dog | ||
Jim Al-Khalili | Alan Turing: Legacy of a Code Breaker β one-off joint lecture between the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the School of Informatics | ||
2012β13 | Bruno Latour | "Once Out of Nature" - Natural Religion as a Pleonasm | |
Steven Pinker | The Better Angels of Our Nature: A History of Violence and Humanity | ||
2013β14 | Onora O'Neill | From Toleration to Freedom of Expression | |
Rowan Williams | Making representations: religious faith and the habits of language | ||
Catherine O'Regan | "What is Caesar's?" Adjudicating faith in modern constitutional democracies | ||
2014β15 | Jeremy Waldron | One Another's Equals: The Basis of Human Equality | |
Helga Nowotny | Beyond Innovation. Temporalities. Re-use. Emergence. | ||
2015β16 | Kathryn Tanner | Christianity and the New Spirit of Capitalism | |
2016β17 | Richard English | Nationalism, Terrorism and Religion | |
Jeffrey Stout | Religion Unbound: Ideals and Powers from Cicero to King | ||
2017β18 | AgustΓn Fuentes | Why We Believe: evolution, making meaning, and the development of human natures | |
Elaine Howard Ecklund | Science and Religion in Global Public Life | ||
2018β19 | Mary Beard | The Ancient World and Us: From Fear and Loathing to Enlightenment and Ethics | |
2019β20 | Michael Welker | In God's Image: Anthropology | |
2020β21 | David Hempton | Networks, Nodes, and Nuclei in the History of Christianity, c. 1500-2020 | |
2021β22 | Susan Neiman | Heroism for a Time of Victims | |
2022β23 | John DuprΓ© | A Process Perspective on Human Life | |
2023β24 | Cornel West | A Jazz-soaked Philosophy for our Catastrophic Times: From Socrates to Coltrane | |
2024β25 | Alexandra Walsham | TBC | |
2025β26 | Paula Fredriksen | TBC |
Glasgowβ»
Year | Speaker(s) | Lecture(s) | ISBN |
---|---|---|---|
1888β92 | Friedrich Max MΓΌller | 1888: Natural Religion Vol. 1 & 2; 1890: Physical Religion; 1891: Anthropological Religion: 1892: Theosophy or Psychological Religion | |
1892β96 | John Caird | The Fundamental Ideas of Christianity Vol. 1 & 2 | |
1896β98 | Alexander Balmain Bruce | The Moral Order of the World and The Providential Order of the World | |
1900β02 | Edward Caird | The Evolution of Theology in the Greek Philosophers | |
1914 | Arthur Balfour | Theism and Humanism | ISBN 1-58742-005-8 |
1916β18 | Samuel Alexander | Space, Time, and Deity | ISBN 0-7661-8701-2 ISBN 0-7661-8702-0 |
1922 | Arthur Balfour | Theism and Thought | |
1927β28 | J. S. Haldane | The Sciences and Philosophy | ISBN 0-404-60479-X |
1932β34 | William Temple | Nature, Man and God | |
1952β54 | John Macmurray | The Form of the Personal Vol.1 & 2: The Self as Agent and Persons in Relation | ISBN 1-57392-337-0 ISBN 1-57392-625-6 |
1959 | Carl Friedrich von WeizsΓ€cker | The Relevance of Science | |
1965 | Herbert Butterfield | Historical Writing and Christian Beliefs and Human Beliefs and the Development of Historical Writing | |
1970 | Richard William Southern | The Rise and Fall of the Medieval System of Religious Thought | |
1974-76 | Basil Mitchell | Morality, Religious and Secular | |
1981 | Stephen R. L. Clark | From Athens to Jerusalem | |
1985 | Carl Sagan | The Search for Who We Are | ISBN 1-59420-107-2 |
1986 | Donald M. MacKay | Behind the Eye | |
1988 | Don Cupitt | Nature and Culture | |
Richard Dawkins | Worlds in Microcosm | ||
1992 | Mary Warnock | Imagination and Understanding, published as Imagination and Time | ISBN 0-631-19019-8 |
1993β94 | Keith Ward | Religion and Revelation | ISBN 978-0-19-826375-3 |
1995β96 | Geoffrey Cantor John Hedley Brooke |
Reconstructing Nature | |
1997β98 | R. J. Berry | Gods, Genes, Greens and Everything | |
1999β00 | Ralph McInerny | Characters in Search of Their Author | |
2001 | Lynne Baker Brian Hebblethwaite Philip Johnson-Laird George Lakoff Michael Ruse |
The Nature and Limits of Human Understanding | |
2003β04 | Simon Blackburn | Reason's Empire | |
2005 | Lenn Goodman Abdulaziz Sachedina John E. Hare |
Thou Shall Love Thy Neighbor as Thyself | |
2007β08 | David Fergusson | Religion and Its Recent Critics published as Faith and Its Critics: A Conversation | ISBN 978-0-19-956938-0 |
2008β09 | Charles Taylor | The Necessity of Secularist Regimes | |
2009β10 | Gianni Vattimo | The End of Reality | |
2012 | Vilayanur Ramachandran | Body and Mind: Insights from Neuroscience | |
2014 | Jean-Luc Marion | Givenness and Revelation | |
2015 | Perry Schmidt-Leukel | Interreligious Theology: The Future Shape of Theology | |
2016 | Sean M. Carroll | The Big Picture: On the Origins of Life, Meaning, and the Universe Itself | |
2018 | Judith Butler | My Life, Your Life: Equality and the Philosophy of Non-Violence | |
2019 | Kevin Hart | Philosophia and Religions | |
Mark Pagel | Wired for Culture: The Origins of the Human Social Mind. Or Why Humans Occupied the World | ||
2020 | T.J. Clark | Heaven on Earth: Painting and the Life to Come | |
2022 | Manthia Diawara Terri Geis |
Towards a New Sacred | |
Jack Halberstam | Collapse, Demolition, and the Queer Geographies and Unworlding: An Aesthetics of Collapse | ||
2023 | Mark Williams | The Japanese Religious Melting Pot and the Significance of Christianity | |
Jean-Luc Marion Kevin Hart |
Revelation and Contemplation |
St Andrewsβ»
Year | Speaker(s) | Lecture(s) | ISBN |
---|---|---|---|
1889β90 | Andrew Lang | The Making of Religion | |
1890β92 | Edward Caird | The Evolution of Religion | |
1894β96 | Lewis Campbell | Religion in Greek Literature | |
1899β01 | Rodolfo Lanciani | New Tales of Old Rome | |
1902β04 | Richard Haldane | The Pathway to Reality | ISBN 0-404-60459-5 |
1907β09 | James Ward | The Realm of Ends. Or Pluralism and Theism | |
1911β13 | James George Frazer | The Belief in Immortality | |
1914β16 | J. A. Thomson | The System of Animate Nature | |
1917β19 | William Ralph Inge | The Philosophy of Plotinus | ISBN 1-59244-284-6 |
1919β20 | Lewis Richard Farnell | Greek Hero Cults and Ideas of Immortality | |
1921β22 | C. Lloyd Morgan | Emergent Evolution (1923) and Life, Mind, and Spirit (1925) | ISBN 0-404-60468-4 |
1924β25 | Lewis Richard Farnell | The Attributes of God | |
1926β28 | Alfred Edward Taylor | The faith of a moralist, The Theological Implications of Morality; Natural Theology and the Positive Religions (1930) | |
1929β30 | Charles Gore | The Philosophy of the Good Life (1930) | |
1930β32 | Robert Ranulph Marett | Faith, Hope & Charity in Primitive Religion | |
1935β36 | Hensley Henson | Christian Morality | |
1936β37 | Werner Jaeger | The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers (1936) | |
1937β38 | William G. de Burgh | From Morality to Religion | |
1938 | Joseph Bidez | Plato and the Orient | |
1939β40 | Richard Kroner | The Primacy of Faith | |
1946β48 | Emil Brunner | Christianity and Civilisation | |
1949β50 | Herbert James Paton | The Modern Predicament | |
1951β53 | Brand Blanshard | Reason, Belief and Goodness | |
1953β55 | C. A. Campbell | On Selfhood and Godhood | |
1955β56 | Werner Heisenberg | Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science | ISBN 1-57392-694-9 |
1959β60 | Georg Henrik von Wright | Norm and Action (1963) and The Varieties of Goodness (1963) | |
1962β64 | Henry Chadwick | Authority in the Early Church | |
1964β66 | John Findlay | The Discipline of the Cave (1966), and The Transcendence of the Cave (1967) | ISBN 978-0-04-111002-9 |
1967β69 | Robert Charles Zaehner | Concordant Discord. The Interdependence of Faiths. | |
1969β71 | William Homan Thorpe | Animal Nature and Human Nature | |
1972β73 | Alfred Ayer | The Central Questions of Philosophy | ISBN 0-03-013116-2 |
1975β77 | Reijer Hooykaas | Fact, Faith and Fiction in the Development of Science | |
1977β78 | David Stafford-Clark | Myth, Magic and Denial | |
1979β80 | Frederick Copleston | Religion and the One: Philosophies East and West | |
1980β81 | Gregory Vlastos | Socrates: Ironist and Moral Philosopher | |
1982β83 | Donald Geoffrey Charlton | New Images of the Natural, 1750-1800 | |
1983β84 | John Macquarrie | In Search of Deity | |
1984β85 | Adolf GrΓΌnbaum | Psychoanalytic Theory and Science | |
1986β87 | Antony Flew | The Logic of Mortality | |
1988β89 | Walter Burkert | Tracks of Biology and the Creation of Sense | |
1990β91 | Hilary Putnam | Renewing Philosophy | |
1992β93 | Arthur Peacocke | Nature, God and Humanity | |
Roger Penrose | The Question of Physical Reality | ||
1995 | Nicholas Wolterstorff | Thomas Reid and the Story of Epistemology | |
1996β97 | Michael Dummett | Thought and Reality | |
1998β99 | Robert Merrihew Adams | God and Being | |
Marilyn McCord Adams | The Coherence of Christology | ||
2000β01 | Stanley Hauerwas | With the Grain of the Universe: The Church's Witness and Natural Theology | ISBN 1-58743-016-9 |
2002 | Peter van Inwagen | The Problem of Evil | ISBN 978-0-19-954397-7 |
2004β05 | Alvin Plantinga | Science and Religion: Conflict or Concord | |
2007 | Martin Rees | 21st Century Science: Cosmic Perspective and Terrestrial Challenges | |
2010 | Roger Scruton | The Face of God | |
2012 | Denis Alexander | Genes, Determinism and God | |
2015 | Linda Zagzebski | Exemplarist Virtue Theory published as Exemplarist Moral Theory | ISBN 978-0-19-065584-6 |
2017 | Michael Rea | Though the Darkness Hide Thee: Seeking the Face of the Invisible God | |
2019 | Mark Johnston | Ontotheology as Antidote for Idolatry | |
2021 | Oliver O'Donovan | The Disappearance of Ethics | |
2024 | Clare Carlisle | Transcendence for Beginners: Life Writing and Philosophy |
Support from Templeton Religion Trustβ»
Established at the behest of John Templeton, the Gifford Lectures website was designed to increase the strategic impact of the Gifford program. Developed and managed by Templeton Press through May 2021, the website is now managed through a grant from Templeton Religion Trust.
Referencesβ»
- ^ Long, Eugene Thomas (1988). "Lord Gifford and his Lectures: The First Year (1888-1889)". Studies in Scottish Literature. 23 (1).
- ^ Spurway, Neil (2013). "Gifford Lectures". Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_471.
- ^ "HDS Dean Hempton to Deliver Prestigious Gifford Lectures". Harvard Divinity School. 29 September 2021.
- ^ "100 Years of Lectures on Natural Theology - Lord Adam Gifford's Will TRUST DISPOSITION and SETTLEMENT of the late Adam Gifford, sometime one of the Senators of the College of Justice, Scotland, dated 21st August 1885". The Gifford Lectures. 8 September 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
I β» suggest that the fee should be as small as is consistent with the due management of the lectureships, and the due appreciation of the lectures. Besides a general and popular audience, I advise that the lecturers also have a special class of students conducted in the usual way, and instructed by examination and thesis, written and oral.
- ^ The St. Andrews University Calendar for the Year 1922. University of St Andrews. 1922. p. 46.
...the lectures are to be public and popular, open not only to students of the university, but the whole community without matriculation...Besides a general audience, the Lecturer may form a special class of students for the study of the subject, which will be conducted in the usual way, and tested by examination and thesis, written and oral.
- ^ Hutchinson -Boyd, A. (1892). 25 Years At St Andrews. p. 324-26. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
Our First Gifford Lecturer β» - ...a large mixed audience, men and women, undergraduates and grown-ups and aged folk...
- ^ Addison, Sam (n.d.). "Home :: Lecturers & Authors :: Hannah Arendt". The Gifford Lectures. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
Arendt, the first female Gifford Lecturer, delivered her lectures in Aberdeen between 1972 and 1974.
- ^ "The Gifford Lectures". abdn.ac.uk. University of Aberdeen.
- ^ "Gifford Lectures". ed.ac.uk. University of Edinburgh.
- ^ "2012-13 Gifford Lecture". Professor Steven Pinker: "The Better Angels of Our Nature: A History of Violence and Humanity". University of Edinburgh College of Humanities and Social Science website. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
- ^ "The Glasgow Gifford Lectures". gla.ac.uk. University of Glasgow.
- ^ "Herbert Butterfield". The Gifford Lectures. 18 August 2014. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ Gifford Lectures website entry; retrieved: 2013-08-04 Archived 2013-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The St Andrews Gifford Lectures". st-andrews.ac.uk. University of St Andrews.
- ^ Kahan, D. (18 August 2014). "The Gifford Lectures". The Gifford Lectures. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
Andrew Lang - The Making of Religion - 1889 to 1890 University of St. Andrews
- ^ "Norm and Action". The Gifford Lectures. 18 August 2014. Archived from the original on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ "Gifford Lecture Series - Books". 21 June 2008. Archived from the original on 21 June 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ "Gifford lectures 2021". The St Andrews Gifford Lectures. 2021-09-16. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
Bibliographyβ»
- Stanley Jaki, Lord Gifford and His Lectures: A Centenary Retrospect (1987). Scottish Academic Press, ISBN 0-7073-0465-2.
- Larry Witham, The Measure of God: Our Century-Long Struggle to Reconcile Science & Religion (2005), HarperSanFrancisco hardcover: ISBN 0-06-059191-9; reprinted as The Measure of God: History's Greatest Minds Wrestle with Reconciling Science and Religion (2006), paperback: ISBN 0-06-085833-8.
External linksβ»
- Gifford Lectures Online featured Lectures from the official website
- Gifford Lectures on YouTube presents playlists of Gifford Lectures in the modern day