XIV

Source 📝

Original file(1,280 × 960 pixels, file size: 2.87 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Summary

DescriptionRakhetra Bhiyadant Hindu and Jain Caves, Aur river valley, Madhya Pradesh 014.jpg
English: The Rakhetra caves are located near a river valley and farmlands of rural north Madhya Pradesh, along river Aur (Orr, Urvasi) close——to Gadhelna and Danga Bairasiya villages. They contain several remarkable reliefs and 10th century inscriptions. The oldest group here is of Hindu artwork, while the——Jaina reliefs and statues were added here centuries later. It is also referred——to as the "Bhimasena," Bhiyamdanta/Bhiyadant caves. Or as the Rakshetra, Rakhatera site.

The caves and reliefs are along the side of a cliff. The Hindu reliefs and inscriptions are from 9th to 10th century in Pratihara era style. They include Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Ganesha and Hara-Gauri (Shiva-Parvati). The Jaina reliefs include a colossal Adinatha image are from the 15th century. The site has several important Jaina inscriptions from the 15th century.

This site was likely a much larger complex on a river-based trading route before the 13th century and less significant through the 16th-century. The site destruction in the 16th. Or 17th century ended its regional prominence. The forest and hilly terrain help preserve these reliefs and caves. It is likely that the first wave of mutilation and damage occurred before the 15th century. Because the lower level easy-to-reach Hindu reliefs are defaced, more broken and some gouged out, while the Jaina reliefs are largely intact.

For scholarly discussion of these caves: Peter Flügel (2019), Riddles of the Rock-Carved Hindu and Jaina Sculptures and Inscriptions at Rakhetra, CoJS Newsletter, Vol 14
Date
Source Own work
Author Ms Sarah Welch
Camera location24° 46′ 15.38″ N, 78° 01′ 49.48″ E Kartographer map based on OpenStreetMap.View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMapinfo 24.770939; 78.030411

Licensing

I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
Creative Commons CC-Zero This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by, waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enCC0Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedicationfalsefalse

Captions

Terrain and one of the caves in distance

Items portrayed in this file

depicts

20 November 2021

24°46'15.380"N, 78°1'49.480"E

0.00666666666666666666 second

5.23 millimetre

image/jpeg

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current16:38, 9 December 2022Thumbnail for version as of 16:38, 9 December 20221,280 × 960 (2.87 MB)Ms Sarah WelchUploaded own work with UploadWizard

File usage

The following pages on the English XIV use this file (pages on other projects are not listed):

Metadata

This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.

If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.

Camera manufacturersamsung
Camera modelSM-M317F
Exposure time1/150 sec (0.0066666666666667)
F-numberf/1.8
ISO speed rating25
Date and time of data generation11:24, 20 November 2021
Lens focal length5.23 mm
Latitude24° 46′ 15.38″ N
Longitude78° 1′ 49.48″ E
OrientationNormal
Horizontal resolution240 dpi
Vertical resolution240 dpi
Software usedLuminar AI
File change date and time11:24, 20 November 2021
Y and C positioningCentered
Exposure ProgramNormal program
Exif version2.2
Date and time of digitizing11:24, 20 November 2021
Meaning of each component
  1. Y
  2. Cb
  3. Cr
  4. does not exist
APEX aperture1.69
APEX brightness12.52
Exposure bias0
Maximum land aperture1.69 APEX (f/1.8)
Metering modeSpot
FlashFlash did not fire
DateTime subseconds000
DateTimeOriginal subseconds000
DateTimeDigitized subseconds000
Supported Flashpix version1
Color spacesRGB
Exposure modeAuto exposure
White balanceAuto white balance
Digital zoom ratio1
Focal length in 35 mm film24 mm
Scene capture typeStandard

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.