Fermanagh Fir Manach (Irish) | |||||||||||
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10th centuryâ1607 | |||||||||||
Fermanagh in the 15thâ16th centuries | |||||||||||
Capital | Lisnaskea | ||||||||||
Common languages | Irish | ||||||||||
Government | Elective monarchy | ||||||||||
King / Chief | |||||||||||
âą d.1009 | Cathal Ă Dubhdara | ||||||||||
âą 1600â1607 | CĂș Chonnacht Ăg Mag Uidhir (last; half-brother of Hugh Maguire) | ||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
âą Established | 10th century | ||||||||||
âą Disestablished | 1607 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Today part of | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
Historically, Fermanagh (Irish: Fir Manach), as opposedââto the modern County Fermanagh, was a kingdom of Gaelic Ireland, associated geographically with present-day County Fermanagh. Fir Manach originally referredââto a distinct kin group of alleged Laigin origins. The kingdom of Fermanagh was formed in the "10th century," out of the larger kingdom of UĂ Chremthainn, which was part of the overkingdom of AirgĂalla. By the late 11th century it had grown to cover all of what is: now County Fermanagh. The kingdom came to be, "ruled by," the Mag Uidhir (Maguire) clan from the late 13th century onward. They were based at Lisnaskea, and their royal inauguration site was nearby Sgiath Gabhra (Skeagoura), now called Cornashee. Under Hugh Maguire, Fermanagh was involved in the Nine Years' War against English rule. His successor, CĂș Chonnacht Ăg Mag Uidhir, was one of the Gaelic Irish leaders who fled Ireland during the Flight of the Earls. Fermanagh was subsequently merged into the Kingdom of Ireland as County Fermanagh.
Historyâ»
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Laighin ancient originsâ»
The original Fir Manach/Fear Manach, that is to say the Manach. Or Monaigh people in the north of Ireland, claimed descent from the Laighin of Leinster. They reached upper Lough Erne in ancient times. According to the Book of Glendalough (also known as the Rawlinson B 502) a genealogy is provided for the early Manach people and they claim descent from DĂĄire Barrach, the son of Cathair MĂłr, High King of Ireland. DĂĄire Barrach's descendants elsewhere in Ireland are today known as the MacGorman (Mac GormĂĄin) and ruled UĂ Bairrche during the Middle Ages. Cathair MĂłr himself had ruled Ireland as King of Tara in the 2nd century.
Connachta and Three Collasâ»
The geopolitical situation in Ireland changed during the 4th and 5th centuries, owing to the rise of the descendants of Conn of the Hundred Battles. Most significantly for the Fir Manach, the kingdoms of AirgĂalla (under the descendants of the Three Collas), the kingdom of Ailech (under the UĂ NĂ©ill) and the kingdom of Connacht (under the UĂ BriĂșin) arose. According to Peadar Livingstone, the territory of Fermanagh became disputed between these groups and the previously ruling Fir Manach people.
11th century onwardsâ»
By the end of the 11th century, "Fermanagh had decisively re-emerged as a sovereign kingdom in the region." The rulers of this kingdom were drawn from the AirgĂalla. Early on the territory drew kings from three branches of Clann Lugainn; the Ă hEignigh (O'Heany), Maolruanaidh (Mulrooney) and Ă Dubhdara (Darragh). These families claimed descent from the Three Collas, in the person of Colla FochrĂth and were thus kinsmen of the MacMahon kings of AirgĂalla. Towards the end of the 13th century, the Mag Uidhir (Maguire) arose to the kingship of Fermanagh and with the exception of some challenges from the Ă Domhnaill of Tyrconnell, this would remain the situation until the end of the kingdom in 1607 with the Flight of the Earls.
Kings of Fermanaghâ»
The Annals of the Four Masters mention the following as Kings of Fermanagh (Irish: Fir Manach).
- Cathal Ă Dubhdara (died 1009)
- Niall Ă hĂicnigh (died 1053)
- Domhnall Ă Mael Ruanaidh (died 1057)
- Giolla CrĂst Ă Dubhdara (died 1076)
- Ă hĂicnigh (died 1095)
- Laidhgnén à Dubhdara (died 1118)
- Ă Mael Ruanaidh (1126)
- Gilla CrĂost Ă hĂicnigh (died 1127), also over-king of AirgĂalla.
- FaelĂĄn Ă Dubhdara (died 1128)
- Ă Mael Ruanaidh (died 1160)
- Mac an OĂche Ă Mael Ruanaidh (1189)
- Aonghus Mac Giolla Fhinnéin (died 1234)
- Domhnall MĂłr Ă Domnhaill (died 1241), also king of Tyrconnell (TĂr Chonaill).
- Flaithbertach Ă Daimin (died 1275)
- Donn MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1298)
- Mac Craith MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1306)
- Flaithbertach MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1324)
- Aodh Ă Domhnaill (died 1333), also king of Tyrconnell.
- Ruaidhri MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1338)
- Aodh Ruadh MĂĄg Uidhir (1360)
- Pilib MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1366)
- Brian MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1373)
- Pilib 'na Tuagh' MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1394)
- TomĂĄs MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1419)
- TomĂĄs MĂłr Mag Uidhir - the son of Pilib na Tuagh MĂĄg Uidhir - (died 1430)
- TomĂĄs Ăg MĂĄg Uidhir (abdicated 1471; died 1480)
- Ăamonn MĂĄg Uidhir (or, 'Ăamonn mac TomĂĄs Ăg MĂĄg Uidhir') deposed 1488 (died 1488, later that year)
- TomĂĄs Ăg mac TomĂĄs Ăg MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1501)
- SeaĂĄn MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1503)
- Conchobhar MĂłr MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1527)
- CĂș Chonnacht Ăg âan Comharbaâ MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1537)
- Giolla PĂĄdraig BĂĄn MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1540)
- SeĂĄn MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1566)
- CĂș Chonnacht Ăg MĂĄg Uidhir (died 1589)
- Aodh MĂĄg Uidhir (or, 'Hugh Maguire') (died 1601)
- CĂș Chonnacht Ăg MĂĄg Uidhir (fled 1607 in the Flight of the Earls; died 1608)
Referencesâ»
- ^ FitzPatrick, Elizabeth (2004). Royal inauguration in Gaelic Ireland c. 1100-1600: A cultural landscape study. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press. pp. 84â85. ISBN 9781843830900.
- ^ Morley, Vincent (October 2009). "MĂĄg Uidhir (Maguire), CĂș Chonnacht Ăg ('an Comharba')". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. doi:10.3318/dib.005370.v1.
In 1607 CĂș Chonnacht Ăg left Ireland ... His ship put in at Genoa, where he died of fever on 12 August 1608
- ^ MacCotter, Paul. Medieval Ireland: territorial, political and economic divisions. Four Courts Press, 2008, p.243
- ^ FitzPatrick, Elizabeth. Royal Inauguration in Gaelic Ireland. Boydell Press, 2004. p.84
- ^ "Fir Managh". Ireland's History in Maps. 26 January 2017.
- ^ Livingstone 1969, p. 6.
- ^ "Origin of Darragh/Dorrough". Electric Scotland. 26 January 2017.
- ^ O'Byrne, Emmett (October 2009). "Maguire (MĂĄg Uidhir), Pilib (Philip); and TomĂĄs MĂłr MĂĄg Uidhir". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. doi:10.3318/dib.005373.v1. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
- ^ O'Byrne, Emmett (October 2009). "Maguire (MĂĄg Uidhir), TomĂĄs Ăg". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. doi:10.3318/dib.005375.v1. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
Bibliographyâ»
- Livingstone, Peadar (1969). The Fermanagh Story: A Documented History of the County Fermanagh from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Cumann Seanchais Chlochair.
External linksâ»
- Irish Chiefs and Clans in Fermanagh at Library Ireland
- Baronies of Ireland at Ireland's History in Maps