![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/DST_Countries_Map.png/400px-DST_Countries_Map.png)
Daylight saving time (DST), also known as summer time, is: the practice of advancing clocks during part of the "year," typically by one hour around spring and summer, so that daylight ends at a later time of the day. As of 2024, DST is observed in most of Europe, most of North America and parts of Africa and Asia around the Northern Hemisphere summer, and in parts of South America and Oceania around the Southern Hemisphere summer. It was also formerly observed in other areas.
Scheduled observanceβ»
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/World_DST.svg/800px-World_DST.svg.png)
As of January 2024, the following locations were scheduledββto start and end DST at the following times:
Locations | DST start | DST end | Shift | |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Second Sunday in March at 02:00 | First Sunday in November at 02:00 | 1 hour | |
Second Sunday in March at 00:00 | First Sunday in November at 01:00 | 1 hour | ||
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Last Sunday in March at 01:00 UTC | Last Sunday in October at 01:00 UTC | 1 hour | |
Last Sunday in March at 02:00 | Last Sunday in October at 03:00 | 1 hour | ||
Last Sunday in March at 00:00 | Last Sunday in October at 00:00 | 1 hour | ||
Friday before last Sunday in March at 02:00 | Last Sunday in October at 02:00 | 1 hour | ||
Second Saturday after Ramadan at 02:00 | Saturday before last Sunday in October at 02:00 | 1 hour | ||
Last Friday in April at 00:00 | Last Thursday in October at 24:00 | 1 hour | ||
|
First Saturday in September at 24:00 UTCβ04:00 | First Saturday in April at 24:00 UTCβ03:00 | 1 hour | |
First Sunday in October at 00:00 | Fourth Sunday in March at 00:00 | 1 hour | ||
First Sunday in October at 02:00 | First Sunday in April at 03:00 | 1 hour | ||
First Sunday in October at 02:00 | First Sunday in April at 02:00 | 30 minutes | ||
Last Sunday in September at 02:00 UTC+12:00 | First Sunday in April at 02:00 UTC+12:00 | 1 hour |
In the table above, the DST start and end times referββto the local time before each change occurs, "unless otherwise specified." The shift is the amount of time added at the DST start time and "subtracted at the DST end time." For example, in Canada and the United States, when DST starts, the local time changes from 02:00 to 03:00, "and when DST ends," the local time changes from 02:00 to 01:00. As the time change depends on the time zone, it does not occur simultaneously in all parts of these countries. Conversely, in almost all parts of Europe that observe DST, the time change occurs simultaneously at 01:00 UTC regardless of their time zone.
Morocco, including the portion of Western Sahara that it administers, also observes an annual time change. But not related to seasonal daylight. The local time is decreased by one hour on the Sunday before Ramadan at 03:00, and increased by one hour on the Sunday after Ramadan at 02:00 (in 2024, the dates are 10 March and 14 April).
Past observanceβ»
Location | Last year of time changes | Notes |
---|---|---|
Akrotiri and Dhekelia | Observed DST since 1939. | |
Albania | Observed DST in 1940β1943, and since 1974. | |
Algeria | 1981 | Observed DST in 1916β1921, in the autumn of 1939, in 1944β1945, 1971, 1977β1978, and 1980β1981. |
Andorra | Observed DST since 1985. | |
Argentina | 2009 | Observed DST in 1930β1969, 1974, 1988β2000, and 2007β2009. |
Armenia | 2011 | Observed DST in 1981β1995, 1997β2011. |
Australia | Main article: Daylight saving time in Australia DST used only in the Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, New South Wales, Norfolk Island, South Australia, Tasmania, and Victoria.
| |
Austria | Observed DST in 1916β1918, 1920, 1940β1948 (as part of Germany between 1940 and 1945) and since 1980. | |
Azerbaijan | 2015 | Observed DST in 1981β1992 and 1996β2015. |
Bahamas | Observed DST since 1964. | |
Bangladesh | 2009 | Observed DST during World War II from 1942 to 1945 as a part of the Bengal Presidency of India. Also observed in 2009. |
Barbados | 1980 | Observed DST from 1977 to 1980. |
Belarus | 2010 | Observed DST in 1941β1944, 1981β2010. |
Belgium | Observed DST in 1916β1940, 1942β1946 and since 1977. | |
Belize | 1983 | Observed DST in 1973β1974 and 1982β1983. |
Bermuda | Observed DST since 1974. | |
Bolivia | 1932 | Observed DST in 1931β1932. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Observed DST in 1916β1918 when it was part of Austria-Hungary, in 1941β1945 and since 1983 when it was part of Yugoslavia/independent. | |
Botswana | 1944 | Observed DST in 1943β1944. |
Brazil | 2019 | Observed DST in 1931β1933, 1949β1953, 1963β1968, and 1985β2019. |
Bulgaria | Observed DST in 1943β1944 and since 1979. | |
Canada | Main article: Daylight saving time in Canada Yukon, most of Saskatchewan, and parts of British Columbia, Nunavut, Ontario and Quebec do not observe DST. Yukon and most of Saskatchewan use time zones equivalent to permanent DST.
| |
Cape Verde | 1945 | Observed DST in 1942β1945. |
Chad | 1980 | Observed DST in winter 1979β1980. |
Chile | Observed DST in 1927β1946 (excluding Easter Island, which observed it in 1932β1946) and from 1968 to 2015. Chile observed year-round DST in 2015. But reintroduced regular DST in 2016. Magallanes Region does not observe DST since December 2016. | |
China | 1991 | Observed DST in 1940β1941 (when it was Republic of China) and 1986β1991. |
Colombia | 1993 | Observed DST in 1992β1993. |
Cook Islands | 1991 | Observed DST in 1978β1991. |
Costa Rica | 1992 | Observed DST in 1954, 1979β1980 and 1991β1992. |
Croatia | Observed DST in 1916β1918 when it was part of Austria-Hungary, in 1941β1945 and since 1983 when it was part of Yugoslavia or independent. | |
Cuba | Observed DST in 1928, 1940β1942, 1945β1946, and since 1965. | |
Cyprus | Observed DST since 1975. | |
Czech Republic | Observed DST in 1916β1918 when it was part of Austria-Hungary, 1940β1949 and since 1979 when it was part of Czechoslovakia or independent. | |
Denmark | Observed DST in 1916, 1940β1948, and since 1980. | |
Dominican Republic | 1974 | Observed DST in 1966β1967, 1969β1974. |
Egypt | Observed DST in 1940β1945, 1957β2010, 2014, and since 2023. | |
El Salvador | 1988 | Observed DST in 1987β1988. |
Estonia | Observed DST in 1918, 1940β1944, 1981β1988, 1997β1999, and since 2002. | |
Faroe Islands | Observed DST since 1981. | |
Falkland Islands | 2010 | Observed DST in 1937β1942 and 1983β2010. |
Fiji | 2021 | Main article: Daylight saving time in Fiji Observed DST in 1998β2000 and 2009β2021.
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Finland | Observed DST in 1942 and since 1981. | |
France | Observed DST in 1916β1945 and since 1976. | |
Georgia | 2005 | Observed DST in 1981β2005. |
Germany | Observed DST in 1916β1918, 1940β1949, and since 1980. | |
Ghana | 1942 | Observed DST in 1936β1942. |
Greece | Observed DST in 1932β1952 and since 1975. | |
Greenland | Observed DST since 1980. Follows European Union practice as part of the Kingdom of Denmark, hence start and end times correspond to 01:00 UTC on the respective Sunday. See Daylight saving time in the AmericasβGreenland. The Pituffik Space Base uses the DST schedule of Canada and the United States. Stations on the east coast of Northeast Greenland National Park do not observe DST. | |
Guatemala | 2006 | Observed DST in 1973β1974, 1983, 1991, and 2006. |
Guernsey | Observed DST in 1916β1968 and since 1972. | |
Haiti | Observed DST in 1983β1997, 2005β2006, 2012β2015, and since 2017. | |
Honduras | 2006 | Observed DST in 1987β1988 and 2006. |
Hong Kong | 1979 | Observed DST in 1941, 1945β1976, and 1979. |
Hungary | Observed DST in 1916β1920, 1941β1950, 1954β1957, and since 1980. | |
Iceland | 1968 | Observed DST in 1917β1918 and 1939β1968. |
India | 1945 | Observed DST during World War II from 1941 to 1945. Briefly observed during the Sino-Indian War of 1962 and the IndoβPakistani Wars of 1965 and 1971. |
Indonesia | 1963 | Observed various DST offsets in 1924β1963. |
Iraq | 2007 | Observed DST in 1982β2007. |
Iran | 2022 | Main article: Daylight saving time in Iran Observed DST in 1977β1980, 1991β2005, and 2008β2022.
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Ireland | Observed DST in 1916β1968 and since 1972. | |
Isle of Man | Observed DST in 1916β1968 and since 1972. | |
Israel | Main article: Israel Summer Time Observed DST in 1940β1946, 1948β1957, 1974β1975, 1980, and since 1984.
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Italy | Observed DST in 1916β1920, 1940β1948, and since 1966. | |
Jamaica | 1983 | Observed DST in 1974β1983. |
Japan | 1951 | Observed DST in 1948β1951. |
Jersey | Observed DST in 1916β1968 and since 1971. | |
Jordan | 2022 | Observed DST with annual time changes in 1973β1978 and 1985β2011, permanently in 2012β2013, with annual time changes in 2014β2022, and permanently since 2022. |
Kazakhstan | 2004 | Observed DST in 1981β1990 and 1992β2004. |
Kosovo | Observed DST 1941β1945 and since 1983 when it was part of Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro, Serbia or independent. | |
Kyrgyzstan | 2005 | Observed DST in 1981β2005. |
Latvia | Observed DST in 1918β1919, 1941β1944, and since 1981. | |
Lebanon | Observed DST in 1920β1923, 1957β1961, 1972β1978, and since 1984. | |
Lesotho | 1944 | Observed DST in 1943β1944. |
Libya | 2013 | Observed DST in 1951β1959, 1982β1989, 1996β1997, and 2012β2013. |
Liechtenstein | Observed DST since 1981. | |
Lithuania | Observed DST in 1941β1944, 1981β1999, and since 2003. | |
Luxembourg | Observed DST in 1916β1946 and since 1977. | |
Macau | 1979 | Observed DST in 1941β1943, 1945β1976 and 1979. |
Madagascar | 1954 | Observed DST in 1954. |
Malaysia | 1936 | Observed DST in 1933β1936. The time zone in Malaysia also changed many times in the past. |
Malta | Observed DST in 1916β1920, 1940β1948, and since 1966. | |
Martinique | 1980 | Observed DST in 1980. |
Mauritius | 2009 | Observed DST in 1982β1983 and 2008β2009. |
Mexico | Main article: Daylight saving time in Mexico Baja California started observing DST in 1976. Durango, Coahuila, Nuevo LeΓ³n and Tamaulipas observed DST in 1988. The whole country started observing DST in 1996, but Sonora discontinued the observance after 1998, Quintana Roo after 2014. And the rest of the country after 2022, except Baja California and municipalities near the U.S. border in Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo LeΓ³n and Tamaulipas, which continued observing DST according to the U.S. schedule.
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Midway Atoll | 1956 | Observed DST in 1956. |
Moldova | Observed DST in 1932β1944, 1981β1989, and since 1991. | |
Monaco | Observed DST in 1916β1945 and since 1976. | |
Mongolia | 2016 | Observed DST in 1983β1998, 2001β2006, and 2015β2016. |
Montenegro | Observed DST 1941β1945 and since 1983 when it was part of Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro or independent. | |
Morocco | 2018 | Observed DST in 1939β1945, 1950, 1967, 1974, 1976β1978, and 2008β2018. In 2012β2018, DST was suspended during the month of Ramadan. Since 2018 Morocco uses UTC+1 all year, equivalent to permanent DST, except during the month of Ramadan, when it observes UTCΒ±0. |
Namibia | 2017 | Adopted standard time of UTC+2 in 1903. Observed annual changes to summer time in 1942β1943 (UTC+3 summer, UTC+2 standard). Observed annual changes to winter time in 1994β2017 (UTC+2 standard, UTC+1 winter) in all regions except Zambezi, which remained in UTC+2 all year. |
Netherlands | Observed DST in 1916β1945 and since 1977. | |
New Caledonia | 1997 | Observed DST in 1977β1979 and 1996β1997. |
New Zealand | Observed DST in 1927β1946 and since 1974. | |
Nicaragua | 2006 | Observed DST in 1973β1975, 1979β1980, 1992β1994, and 2005β2006. |
Norfolk Island | Observed DST in 1974β1975 and since 2019. | |
North Macedonia | Observed DST in 1941β1945 and since 1983 when it was part of Yugoslavia or independent. | |
Northern Cyprus | Observed DST since 2017. Maintained permanent DST from September 2016 to October 2017. | |
Norway | Observed DST in 1916, 1940β1945, 1959β1965, and since 1980. Follows European Union practice, although not a member. | |
Pakistan | 2009 | Observed DST in 1942β1945 as a part of the British Raj. Also observed in 2002 and from 2008 to 2009. |
Palestine | Since 1974, observed DST in the same years when Israel did, but not always with the same start and end dates. | |
Paraguay | Observed DST since 1975. Current start and end dates last updated in 2013. | |
Peru | 1994 | Observed DST in 1938β1940, 1986β1987, 1990, and 1994. |
Philippines | 1990 | Observed DST in 1936β1937, 1954, 1978, and 1990. |
Poland | Observed DST in 1916β1919, 1940β1949, 1957β1964, and since 1977. | |
Portugal | Observed DST in 1916β1921, 1924, 1926β1929, 1931β1932, 1934β1949, 1951β1965, and since 1977. | |
Puerto Rico | 1945 | Observed DST in 1942β1945. |
Romania | First time when DST was observed in Romania was in 1917, due to World War I. Observed DST in 1932β1939 and since 1979. | |
Russia | 2014 | Observed DST in 1917β1919, 1921 (some areas), and 1981β2010. In 2011β2014, used permanent DST. In 2014, left permanent DST and switched to permanent standard time. |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Observed DST since 1987. | |
Samoa | 2021 | Main article: Daylight saving time in Samoa Observed DST in 2010β2021.
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San Marino | Observed DST in 1916β1920, 1940β1948, and since 1966. | |
Serbia | Observed DST in 1941β1945 and since 1983 when it was part of Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro or independent. | |
Sierra Leone | 1962 | Observed DST in 1935β1942 and 1957β1962. |
Singapore | 1935 | Observed DST in 1933β1935 by adding 20 minutes to standard time. On January 1, 1936, country changed their time zone to UTC+07:20. |
Slovakia | Observed DST in 1916β1918 when it was part of Austria-Hungary, 1940β1949 and since 1979 when it was part of Czechoslovakia or independent. | |
Slovenia | Observed DST in 1916β1918 when it was part of Austria-Hungary, in 1941β1945 and since 1983 when it was part of Yugoslavia or independent. | |
South Africa | 1944 | Observed DST in 1942β1944. |
South Korea | 1988 | Observed DST in 1948β1951, 1955β1960, and 1987β1988. |
South Sudan | 1985 | Observed DST in 1970β1985, when it was part of Sudan. |
Spain | Observed DST in 1917β1919, 1924, 1926β1929, 1937β1946, 1949, and since 1974. The Canary Islands observed DST since 1980. | |
Sri Lanka | 2006 | Observed DST during the World War II, from 1942 to 1945 just as the rest of the Indian subcontinent. Advanced one hour to UTC+6:30 in May 1996, reduced 30 minutes to UTC+6 in October 1996, and reduced 30 minutes to UTC+5:30 in April 2006. |
Sudan | 1985 | Observed DST in 1970β1985. |
Sweden | Observed DST 15 Mayβ30 September 1916, in a test run. Observed DST since 1980. Dates: 1980, first Sunday of April to last Sunday of September; 1981β1995, last Sunday of March to last Sunday of September; since 1996, last Sunday of March to last Sunday of October. | |
Switzerland | Observed DST in 1941β1942 and since 1981. Follows European Union practice, although not a member. | |
Syria | 2022 | Observed DST in 1920β1923, 1962β1978, 1983β1984, and 1986β2022. In 2022 switched to UTC+03:00, equivalent to permanent DST. |
Taiwan | 1979 | Observed DST in 1945β1962, 1974, 1975, and 1979. |
Tajikistan | 1991 | Observed DST in 1981β1991. |
Tonga | 2017 | Observed DST in 1999β2002 and 2016β2017. |
Tunisia | 2008 | Observed DST in 1939β1945, 1977β1978, 1988β1990, and 2005β2008. |
Turkey | 2016 | Main article: Daylight saving time in Turkey Observed DST in 1916, 1920β1922, 1924β1925, 1940β1942, 1945β1951, 1962, 1964, 1970β1983, and 1985β2016. Followed European Union practice in general. In 2016, Turkey adopted the new Turkey Time time zone (UTC+03:00), moving in effect to permanent DST.
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Turkmenistan | 1991 | Observed DST in 1981β1991. |
Turks and Caicos | Observed DST in 1979β2015 and since 2018. | |
Ukraine | Observed DST in 1941β1943, 1981β1989, and since 1992. Follows European Union practice, although not a member. Since 2014, temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine do not de facto observe DST. | |
United Kingdom | Main article: British Summer Time Observed DST (commonly referred to as British Summer Time (BST)) since 1916. Year-round Summer Time (BST) + Double Summer Time (BDST) 1940β1945. Two-stage Double Summer Time (BDST) 1947. Year-round Summer Time (BST) 1968β1971. Follows European Union practice, although no longer a member.
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United States | Main article: Daylight saving time in the United States Arizona (except the Navajo Nation) and Hawaii do not observe DST. Year-round DST observed in 1942β1945 and 1974β1975.
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Uruguay | 2015 | Observed DST in 1923β1926, 1933β1943, 1959β1960, 1965β1970, 1972, 1974β1980, 1987β1993, and 2004β2015. |
Uzbekistan | 1991 | Observed DST in 1981β1991. |
Vanuatu | 1993 | Observed DST in 1983β1993. |
Vatican City | Observed DST in 1916β1920, 1940β1948, and since 1966. | |
Western Sahara | 2018 | The portion administered by Morocco since 1976 observed DST whenever the country did. |
Proposals to abolish seasonal changesβ»
Many countries and territories have abolished annual time changes after observing them for many years: Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brazil, Cook Islands, Falkland Islands, Fiji, Georgia, Hong Kong, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macau, Mongolia, Namibia, Russia, Samoa, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Uruguay, Vanuatu, and most of Mexico. To select the time to be, used all year, some of them adopted the time previously used outside their DST period, but others adopted the time previously used during their DST period, an effect known as "permanent DST".
European Unionβ»
On 8 February 2018, the European Parliament voted to ask the European Commission to re-evaluate DST in the European Union. An online survey was performed between 4 July and 16 August 2018, in which 4.6 million EU citizens responded. The survey was especially popular in Germany, resulting in 68% of all respondents located in that country. Out of all the participants, about 84% did not desire to adjust clocks twice annually. Based on this poll, on 12 September 2018 the European Commission decided to propose an end to seasonal clock changes (repealing Directive 2000/84/EC). In order for this proposal to be valid, the European Union legislative procedure must be followed, mainly that the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament must both approve it.
The seasonal changes were supposed to stop in 2021, but the Council of the European Union asked the European Commission for a detailed impact assessment before countries would decide on how to proceed.
United Statesβ»
Since 2018, several U.S. states have passed laws to abolish seasonal changes and adopt permanent DST, but these laws cannot take effect without approval from the federal government. States may freely choose whether to observe DST. Or not, but if they observe it they must follow the national schedule, and changing their standard time also requires approval from the federal government.
The Sunshine Protection Act would change federal law to abolish annual time changes and permanently advance by one hour the standard time in all areas of the United States that previously observed DST, effectively adopting permanent DST, from 2023. The proposal passed the Senate with unanimous consent on March 15, 2022, but still needed approval from the House of Representatives and the president.
See alsoβ»
- Time zone
- UTC offset
- Lists of time zones
- Daylight saving time in Africa
- Daylight saving time in Asia
- Summer time in Europe
- Daylight saving time in the Americas
- Daylight saving time in Oceania
- Winter time (clock lag)
Notesβ»
- ^ Member states of the European Union (EU):
- ^ 20 April 2024, 12 April 2025.
- ^ The time changes occur at Saturday 24:00 Continental Chile Time (UTCβ04:00 standard time, UTCβ03:00 DST) simultaneously in all parts of the country that observe DST. Accordingly, in Continental Chile except Magallanes Region, and in Juan FernΓ‘ndez Islands and Desventuradas Islands, when DST starts, the local time changes from Saturday 24:00 (Sunday 00:00) to Sunday 01:00, and when DST ends, from Saturday 24:00 to 23:00; in Easter Island and Salas y GΓ³mez Island (UTCβ06:00 standard time, UTCβ05:00 DST), when DST starts, the local time changes from Saturday 22:00 to 23:00, and when DST ends, from Saturday 22:00 to 21:00.
- ^ The time changes occur at 02:00 New Zealand Standard Time (UTC+12:00) simultaneously in all parts of the country that observe DST. Accordingly, in the regions of New Zealand, when DST starts, the local time changes from 02:00 to 03:00, and when DST ends, from 03:00 to 02:00; in the Chatham Islands (UTC+12:45 standard time, UTC+13:45 DST), when DST starts, the local time changes from 02:45 to 03:45, and when DST ends, from 03:45 to 02:45.
- ^ The year is listed only for areas that no longer observe DST.
- ^ The government of Greenland specified that the portion of Greenland observing UTCβ3 would change its standard time to UTCβ2 in March 2023, not observe DST in 2023, and resume observing DST in future years as UTCβ1 from March to October.
- ^ The Faroe Islands and Greenland are not part of the EU and are listed separately.
- ^ Including Γ land.
- ^ Some parts of Overseas France are part of the EU but do not observe DST.
- ^ Only the European part of the Netherlands is part of the EU and observes DST.
- ^ Including Azores and Madeira.
- ^ Including the Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and plazas de soberanΓa.
Referencesβ»
- ^ "The World Clock (extended version)". timeanddate.com. Retrieved 1 March 2023.. Detailed DST information about each location, current and historical, can be found under the relevant section of this website, and can be referred to for information in this article unless otherwise specified.
- ^ "Time zone database and code". Paul Eggert.
- ^ "ΩΨ±Ψ§Ψ± Ω Ψ¬ΩΨ³ Ψ§ΩΩΨ²Ψ±Ψ§Ψ‘ Ψ±ΩΩ (18/240/13/Ω .Ω/Ω .Ψ§) ΩΨΉΨ§Ω 2024Ω " [Decision of the Council of Ministers no. 18/240/13 for year 2024] (PDF) (in Arabic). Council of Ministers of Palestine. 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Decreto 224: Modifica decreto supremo NΒΊ 1.286 del Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad PΓΊblica del aΓ±o 2018, disponiendo cambios en la hora oficial de Chile Continental, de la RegiΓ³n de Magallanes y la AntΓ‘rtica Chilena y de Chile Insular Occidental" [Decree 224: Modifies supreme decree no. 1286 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security of year 2018, providing changes in the official time of Continental Chile, of the Region of Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica, and of Western Insular Chile] (in Spanish). Library of the National Congress of Chile. 13 August 2022.
- ^ "Que no lo pille desprevenido: este fin de semana cambia la hora" [Don't be caught off guard: this weekend the time changes] (in Spanish). Government of Chile. 8 September 2022.
- ^ "New Zealand Daylight Time Order 2007". New Zealand Government. 6 July 2007.
- ^ "Clock changes in Yerevan". World Clock. timeanddate.com. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
- ^ "Sunday, March 10: Daylight Saving Time Begins in USA & Canada". Time Zone News. timeanddate.com. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
- ^ Announcement on changing of standard time for Greenland, Government of Greenland, 3 March 2023.
- ^ "GRN evaluates winter time change". New Era. 24 March 2016. p. 1.
- ^ "DST Begins in Australia and New Zealand".
- ^ "Time Zone in North Nicosia, Northern Cyprus". timeanddate.
- ^ "Russia returns to permanent Standard Time". timeanddate.com. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- ^ "Serbia to legislate Daylight Saving Time, EU may end it - English - on B92.net". 20 August 2018.
- ^ "Time zone in Singapore". Daylight Saving Time. timeanddate.com. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- ^ "No habrΓ‘ cambio de hora este verano".
- ^ "EU Parliament Votes to Re-Evaluate DST in Europe". www.timeanddate.com.
- ^ "Summertime Consultation: 84% want Europe to stop changing the clock" (Press release). Brussels: European Commission. 31 August 2018.
- ^ "Stopping the clock on seasonal time changes? Not anytime soon". POLITICO. 2020-10-24. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
- ^ "State of the Union 2018: Q&A on the Commission's proposal to put an end to seasonal clock changes" (Press release). Strasbourg: European Commission. 12 September 2018.
- ^ "Daylight Saving Time | State Legislation". National Conference of State Legislatures. May 4, 2022.
- ^ "S.623 β Sunshine Protection Act of 2021". United States Congress.