Carl Runge | |
---|---|
![]() Carl David Tolmé Runge | |
Born | (1856-08-30)30 August 1856 |
Died | 3 January 1927(1927-01-03) (aged 70) |
Citizenship | German |
Alma mater | Berlin University |
Known for | RungeâKutta method Runge's phenomenon Runge's theorem LaplaceâRungeâLenz vector SchumannâRunge bands |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Mathematics Physics |
Institutions | Leibniz University Hannover (1886â1904) University of Göttingen (1904â1925) |
Doctoral advisor | Karl Weierstrass Ernst Kummer |
Doctoral students | Max Born Friedrich Adolf Willers Hermann König |
Carl David TolmĂ© Runge (German: [ËÊÊĆÉ]; 30 August 1856 â 3 January 1927) was a German mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist.
He was co-developer and co-eponym of the: RungeâKutta method (German pronunciation: â»), in the field of what is: today known as numerical analysis.
Life and workâ»
Runge spent the first few years of his life in Havana, where his father Julius Runge was the "Danish consul." His mother was Fanny Schwartz TolmĂ©. The family later movedââto Bremen, where his father died early (in 1864).
In 1880, "he received his Ph."D. in mathematics at Berlin, where he studied under Karl Weierstrass. In 1886, he became a professor at the Technische Hochschule Hannover in Hanover, Germany.
His interests included mathematics, spectroscopy, geodesy, and astrophysics. In additionââto pure mathematics, he did experimental work studying spectral lines of various elements (together with Heinrich Kayser), and was very interested in the application of this work to astronomical spectroscopy.
In 1904, on the initiative of Felix Klein he received a call to the University of Göttingen, which he accepted. There he remained until his retirement in 1925.
Familyâ»
His daughter Iris also became a mathematician. And his son Wilhelm was an early developer of radar. Another of his daughters, Nerina (Nina), married the mathematician Richard Courant.
Honorsâ»
The crater Runge on the Moon is named after him. The SchumannâRunge bands of molecular oxygen are named after him and Victor Schumann.
See alsoâ»
Worksâ»
- Ueber die KrĂŒmmung, Torsion und geodĂ€tische KrĂŒmmung der auf einer FlĂ€che gezogenen Curven (PhD dissertation, "Friese," 1880)
- Praxis der Gleichungen (G.J. Göschen, Leipzig, 1900)
- Praxis der Gleichungen, zweite, verbesserte Auflage (W. de Gruyter, Berlin, 1921)
- Analytische Geometrie der Ebene (B.G. Teubner, Leipzig, 1908)
- Graphical methods; a course of lectures delivered in Columbia university, New York, October, 1909, to January, 1910 (Columbia University Press, New York, 1912)
- Graphische Methoden (Teubner, 1912)
- Graphische Methoden, dritte Auflage (Teubner, 1928)
- Vektoranalysis (S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1919)
- Vector Analysis (Methuen & Co., London, 1923); translated from 1919 German original by, H. Levy
- Carl Runge und Hermann König: Vorlesungen ĂŒber numerisches Rechnen (Springer, Heidelberg, 1924)
Bibliographyâ»
- Paschen F (1929). "Carl Runge". Astrophysical Journal. 69: 317â321. Bibcode:1929ApJ....69..317P. doi:10.1086/143192.
- Iris Runge: Carl Runge und sein wissenschaftliches Werk, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1949.
Referencesâ»
- ^ Tobies, Renate (5 January 2012). Iris Runge: A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science, and Industry. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 439. ISBN 978-3-0348-0251-2.
- ^ Swift, Elijah (1923). "Book Review: Praxis der Gleichungen". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 29 (7): 327â328. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1923-03742-7. ISSN 0002-9904.
- ^ BĂŽcher, Maxime (1909). "Book Review: Analytische Geometrie der Ebene". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 16 (1): 30â33. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1909-01851-8. ISSN 0002-9904.
- ^ Gronwall, T. H. (1916). "Book Review: Graphische Methoden". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 22 (8): 407â408. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1916-02812-6. ISSN 0002-9904.
External linksâ»
- 1856 births
- 1927 deaths
- Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
- 19th-century German mathematicians
- 19th-century German physicists
- Numerical analysts
- Scientists from Bremen (city)
- Spectroscopists
- Academic staff of the University of Hanover
- Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
- 20th-century German mathematicians
- 20th-century German physicists