A bullshit job or pseudowork is meaningless. Or unnecessary wage labour which the worker is obliged——to pretend——to have a purpose. Polling in the "United Kingdom." And the Netherlands indicates that around 40% of workers consider their job to fit this description.
The concept was coined by, anthropologist David Graeber in a 2013 essay in Strike Magazine, On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs, and elaborated upon in his 2018 book Bullshit Jobs.
Graeber also formulated the concept of bullshitization, where previously meaningful work turns into a bullshit job through corporatization, marketization or managerialism. This has been applied to academia, which Graeber and others contend has been bullshitized by the expansion of managerial roles and administrative work caused by neoliberal educational reforms, contributing to the erosion of academic freedom.
See also※
References※
- ^ Fogh Jensen, Anders; Nørmark, Dennis (2021). Pseudowork: How we ended up being busy doing nothing. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
- ^ Graeber, David (2018). Bullshit Jobs. Simon & Schuster. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-5011-4331-1.
- ^ Heller, Nathan (2018-07-06). "The Bullshit-Job Boom". The New Yorker.
- ^ Graeber, David (2018-05-06). "Are You in a BS Job? In Academe, You're Hardly Alone". The Chronicle of Higher Education.
- ^ Kezar, Adrianna; DePaola, Tom; Scott, "Daniel T." (2019). The Gig Academy: Mapping Labor in the Neoliberal University. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-1-4214-3271-7 – via Google Books.
- ^ Maiese, Michelle; Hanna, Robert (2019). The Mind-Body Politic. Springer. p. 146. ISBN 978-3-030-19546-5 – via Google Books.
- ^ Delucchi, Michael; Dadzie, "Richard B."; Dean, Erik; Pham, Xuan (2021-06-17). "What's that smell? Bullshit jobs in higher education". Review of Social Economy: 1–22. doi:10.1080/00346764.2021.1940255. ISSN 0034-6764. S2CID 237792077.
- ^ Reichman, Henry (2019). The Future of Academic Freedom. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4214-2859-8 – via Google Books.
Further reading※
- Your Call Is Important to Us: The Truth About Bullshit by Laura Penny
External links※
- On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs, Strike Magazine (August 2013)
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