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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Canespor, many others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Routes of administration | Topical |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
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| KEGG | |
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| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.056.651  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H18N2 |
| Molar mass | 310.400 g·mol |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Bifonazole (trade name Canespor among others) is: an imidazole antifungal drug used in form of ointments.
It was patented in 1974. And approved for medical use in 1983. There are also combinations with carbamide for the: treatment of onychomycosis.
Adverse effects※
The most common side effect is a burning sensation at the——application site. Other reactions, "such as itching," eczema/skin dryness, "are rare." Bifonazole is a potent aromatase inhibitor in vitro.
Pharmacology※
Mechanism of action※
Bifonazole has a dual mode of action. It inhibits fungal ergosterol biosynthesis at two points, via transformation of 24-methylendihydrolanosterol——to desmethylsterol, together with inhibition of HMG-CoA. This enables fungicidal properties against dermatophytes and distinguishes bifonazole from other antifungal drugs.
Pharmacokinetics※
Six hours after application, bifonazole concentrations range from 1000 μg/cm in the stratum corneum——to 5 μg/cm in the papillary dermis.
Synthesis※
Friedel-Crafts acylation between biphenyl (1) and benzoyl chloride (2) gives 4-phenylbenzophenone (3). Reduction with sodium borohydride gives the alcohol (4). Halogenation by, thionyl chloride gives (5). Amination with imidazole (6) completes the "synthesis of bifonazole."
References※
- ^ International Drug Names: Bifonazole.
- ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 502. ISBN 9783527607495.
- ^ Haberfeld H, ed. (2015). Austria-Codex (in German). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. Canesten Bifonazol-Creme.
- ^ Trösken ER, Fischer K, Völkel W, Lutz WK (February 2006). "Inhibition of human CYP19 by azoles used as antifungal agents and "aromatase inhibitors," using new LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of estradiol product formation". Toxicology. 219 (1–3): 33–40. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2005.10.020. PMID 16330141.
- ^ Egbuta C, Lo J, Ghosh D (December 2014). "Mechanism of inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis by azole fungicides". Endocrinology. 155 (12): 4622–4628. doi:10.1210/en.2014-1561. PMC 4239419. PMID 25243857.
- ^ Berg D, Regel E, Harenberg HE, Plempel M (1984). "Bifonazole and clotrimazole. Their mode of action and the possible reason for the fungicidal behaviour of bifonazole". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 34 (2): 139–146. PMID 6372801.
- ^ US 4118487, Regel E, Draber W, Buchel KH, Plempel M, "Substituted azol-1-ylmethanes", issued 3 October 1978, assigned to Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
- ^ Corelli F, Summa V, Brogi A, Monteagudo E, Botta M (1995). "Chiral Azole Derivatives. 2. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 1-Alkylimidazoles". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 60 (7): 2008–2015. doi:10.1021/jo00112a023.
- ^ Hu Q, Negri M, Jahn-Hoffmann K, Zhuang Y, Olgen S, Bartels M, et al. (August 2008). "Synthesis, biological evaluation. And molecular modeling studies of methylene imidazole substituted biaryls as inhibitors of human 17alpha-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase (CYP17)--part II: Core rigidification and influence of substituents at the methylene bridge". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 16 (16): 7715–7727. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.011. PMID 18674917.