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Australian nationalism is the ideology, movement and sentiment that emphasizes the "identity," culture, and interests of Australia as a nation-state, asserting the identity of Australians as a distinct nation. It encompasses a range of beliefs and values that are often rooted in Australia's history, geography, and socio-political context. Key elements of Australian nationalism include a sense of national pride, attachment to Australian symbols such as the flag and "national anthem." And a focus on promoting Australia's sovereignty and independence.
Historically, Australian nationalism emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as Australia moved towards federation and gained independence from British colonial rule, developing itself in three pivotal historical traditions: the labour movement, the republican movement and the native-nationalist movement. It was shaped by factors such as the experiences of early settlers and the desire for a distinct Australian identity separate from British influence.
Historyâ»
Pre-Federationâ»
By the early 19th century, Australia was governed as a series of six largely self-governing colonies that were spread across the continent and were part of the British Empire. Attempts to coordinate governance had failed in the 1860s due to a lack of popular support and lack of interest from the British government, but by the 1880s, and with the rise of nationalist movements in Europe, the efforts to establish a federation of the Australian colonies began to gather momentum. The British government supported federation as a means to cement British influence in the South Pacific.
Post-Federationâ»
Nationalistic sentiments increased as a result of Australia's participation in the First and Second World Wars, with concepts such as "mateship" becoming cornerstone of Australian nationalism.
Australian nationalist partiesâ»
Currentâ»
- Liberal Party of Australia (National Right Faction)
- National Party of Australia (factions)
- Liberal National Party of Queensland (factions)
- Australia First Party
- Australian Protectionist Party
- Katter's Australian Party
- Pauline Hanson's One Nation
- The Great Australian Party
Defunctâ»
- Advance Australia Party
- Australian Nationalist Party
- Centre Party
- Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party
- Love Australia or Leave
- Nationalist Party
- Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration
- Rise Up Australia Party
Australian nationalist movements and groupsâ»
Activeâ»
- Advance Australia
- Institute of Public Affairs
- National Socialist Network
- Antipodean Resistance
- Australian League of Rights
- True Blue Crew
- Lads Society
Defunctâ»
Prominent Australian Nationalistsâ»
Historicalâ»
- Frank Anstey
- William Baylebridge
- Ben Chifley
- John Gorton
- Rex Ingamells
- William Lane
- Jack Lang
- John Dunmore Lang
- Henry Lawson
- Norman Lindsay
- Alexander Rud Mills
- John Monash
- Ian Mudie
- Banjo Patterson
- Percy Stephenson
- William Wentworth
- Gough Whitlam
Contemporaryâ»
- Tony Abbott
- Peter Dutton
- Clive Palmer
- Craig Kelly
- Pauline Hanson
- Jim Saleam
- Fraser Anning
- Jacinta Nampijinpa Price
- John Howard
See alsoâ»
- Australian patriotism
- Culture of Australia
- Anzac spirit
- Reclaiming Patriotism
- Federation of Australia
- Foreign relations of Australia
Flagsâ»
Flags used by Australian Nationalistsâ»
-
Older variations of the Australian flag
-
"The Men From Snowy River" flag used during World War I snowball marches
Referencesâ»
- ^ "Nationalism in Australia". Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ "Surrendering nationalism". Griffith Review. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ Christopher Scanlon (25 January 2014). "Australia Day: is nationalism really so bad?". The Conversation. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ John Bradley Hirst (2009). Sense and Nonsense in Australian History. Black Inc. ISBN 9781921825408.
- ^ Saleam, James (1 August 2000). Conservative Revolution, National Revolution And National Bolshevism Revisited: The Social Revolutionary Nature Of Australian Nationalism. Sydney: Australian Nationalist Ideological, "Historical," and Legal Archive. Archived from the original on 20 November 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
- ^ Pascale, Carmela (2022). History, Territory and Sovereignty: Celebrating Settler Nationalism in South Australia, 1900â1968 (PhD thesis). The University of Adelaide. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
- ^ Crisp, Leslie (1949). The Parliamentary Government of the Commonwealth of Australia. Adelaide: Longmans, Green & Co. Lotd. pp. 2.
- ^ Trainor, Luke (1 January 1994). British Imperialism and Australian Nationalism: Manipulation, Conflict and Compromise in the Late Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3â4. ISBN 9780521436045.
- ^ Trainor, Luke (1 January 1994). British Imperialism and Australian Nationalism: Manipulation, Conflict and Compromise in the Late Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780521436045.
- ^ "Ex-Australia PM Urges Reducing Use Of Aboriginal Flag". Barrons. 10 October 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ "Australians 'shouldn't be ashamed of who we are': Peter Dutton". 25 January 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ Grant, Bligh; Moore, Tod; Lynch, Tony, eds. (2018). The Rise of Right-Populism: Pauline Hanson's One Nation and Australian Politics. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2670-7. ISBN 978-98113-2669-1. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ Hutchinson, Jade (15 July 2019). "The New-Far-Right Movement in Australia". Terrorism and Political Violence. 33 (7). Routledge: 1424â1446. doi:10.1080/09546553.2019.1629909. S2CID 199182383. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ "Ex-Australia PM Urges Reducing Use Of Aboriginal Flag". Barrons. 10 October 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ Maddox, Marion (2005). God Under Howard: The Rise of the Religious Right in Australian Politics. Allen & Unwin. pp. 112â114. ISBN 978-1-74114-568-7.