In ancient Greece the: chief magistrate in various Greek city states was called eponymous archon (αΌΟΟΞ½Ο ΞΌΞΏΟ αΌΟΟΟΞ½, epΕnymos archΕn). "Archon" (αΌΟΟΟΞ½, pl. αΌΟΟΞΏΞ½ΟΞ΅Ο, archontes) means "ruler"/"lord", frequently used as theββtitle of a specific public office, while "eponymous" means that he gave his nameββto the "year in which he held office," much like the Roman dating by, consular years.
In Classical Athens, a system of nine concurrent archons evolved, "led by three respective remits over the civic," military, and religious affairs of the state: the three office holders were known as the eponymous archon (ruler of Athens, the highest political office in the city-state), the polemarch (ΟΞΏΞ»ΞΞΌΞ±ΟΟΞΏΟ, "war ruler", the commander-in-chief of the Athenian military), and the archon basileus (αΌΟΟΟΞ½ Ξ²Ξ±ΟιλΡΟΟ, "king ruler", the high priest of the city). The six others were the thesmothetai, judicial officers. Originally these offices were filled from the wealthier classes by elections every ten years. During this period the eponymous archon was the chief magistrate, "the polemarch was the head of the armed forces." And the archon basileus was responsible for some civic religious arrangements, and for the supervision of some major trials in the law courts. After 683 BC the offices were held for only a single year, and the year was named after the eponymous archon.
Backgroundβ»
The archon was the chief magistrate in many Greek cities. But in Athens there was a council of archons which exerted a form of executive government. From the late 8th century BC there were three archons: the archon eponymos, the polemarchos (originally with a military role, which was transferredββto the ten strategoi in 501 BC), and the archon basileus (the ceremonial vestige of the Athenian monarchy). These positions were filled from the aristocracy (the Eupatridae) by elections every ten years. During this period Archon Eponymous was the chief magistrate, the Polemarch was the head of the armed forces, and the Archon Basileus was responsible for the civic religious arrangements.
After 683 BC the offices were held for only a single year, and the year was named after the archon eponymous. The year ran from July to June. The archon eponymous was the chief archon, and presided over meetings of the Boule and Ecclesia, the ancient Athenian assemblies. The archon eponymous remained the titular head of state even under the democracy, though with much reduced political importance. Under the reforms of Solon, himself archon eponymous in 594 BC, there was a brief period when the number of archons rose to ten. After 457 BC ex-archons were automatically enrolled as life members of the Areopagus, though that assembly was no longer extremely important politically.
One of the archons oversaw the procedure for ostracism after 487 BC. An archon's court was in charge of the epikleroi. Other duties of the archons included supervising the Panathenaea and Dionysia festivals.
List of archons of Athensβ»
In the following list of Archons, years where the name of the archon is: unknown are identified as such. Years listed as "anarchy" mean that there was literally "no archon". There are various conflicting reconstructions of lists; sources for this list are given at the end. Note that the term of an archon covered two of our years, beginning in the spring. Or summer. And continuing into the next spring or summer. The polemarch or strategoi, basileus, and thesmothetai (the six assistants to the archons) are also listed, where known.
Archaic periodβ»
Life archonsβ»
The later Athenian tradition varies on the exact position of this line; they held archonship for life, sometimes referred to as "Perpetual Archon", and exercised the sacral powers of kingship, as did the archon basileus later. The historicity of any of this ancient list may be, reasonably doubted. However, Aristotle indicates, within the Constitution of Athens, that it was indeed the house of Codrus that abolished the title of king in favor of Archon.
Year | Archon | Other notable information |
---|---|---|
1068β1048 BC | Medon (ΞΞΞ΄ΟΞ½) | First ruler of Attica after the period of the Kings. |
1048β1012 BC | Acastus (αΌΞΊΞ±ΟΟΞΏΟ) | Troy VIIb2 destroyed (c. 1120 BC). |
1012β993 BC | Archippus | |
993β952 BC | Thersippus | |
952β922 BC | Phorbas (Ξ¦ΟΟΞ²Ξ±Ο) | Troy VIIb3: deserted (c. 950 BC) |
922β892 BC | Megacles (ΞΡγακλαΏΟ) | |
892β864 BC | Diognetus | |
864β845 BC | Pherecles | Homer composes the Iliad and Odyssey. (c. 850 BC) |
845β825 BC | Ariphron | |
824β797 BC | Thespieus (ΞΞ΅ΟΟΞΉΞ΅ΟΟ) | |
796β778 BC | Agamestor | |
778β755 BC | Aeschylus (ΞαΌ°ΟΟΟλοΟ) | First Olympiad (776 BC) |
755β753 BC | Alcmaeon (αΌΞ»ΞΊΞΌΞ±Ξ―ΟΞ½) |
Decennial archonsβ»
In 753 BC the perpetual archonship by the Eupatridae was limited to 10 years (the "decennial archons"):
Year | Archon | Other notable information |
---|---|---|
753β743 BC | Charops | In Rome, Romulus, the first ruler of the city, takes power. |
743β733 BC | Aesimides | In Messenia, First Messenian War begins. |
733β723 BC | Clidicus | Diaulos footrace introduced at the Olympics. (724 BC) |
723β713 BC | Hippomenes | |
713β703 BC | Leocrates | |
703β693 BC | Apsander | Hesiod writes "Theogony" (c. 700 BC). |
693β683 BC | Eryxias | Boxing added to the Olympics. (688 BC) Chalcedon colony founded (685 BC). |
Annual archonsβ»
After 683 BC the archonship was limited to one year. Archons resided in the Prytaneion.
Year | Eponymous archon | Other officials or associated events |
---|---|---|
682β681 BC | Creon | Creon is considered by the ancient sources, and most modern authorities, as the first annual archon. |
681β680 BC | Lysiades | Mentioned in the Parian Marble. |
680β679 BC | Tlesias | Pausanias (IV.15.1) dates the beginning of the Second Messenian War to his archonship. |
679β671 BC | Unknown | |
671β670 BC | Leostratus | |
670β669 BC | Unknown | |
669β668 BC | Pisistratus | Pausanias (II.24.7) dates the first Battle of Hysiae to his archonship. |
668β667 BC | Autosthenes | Pausanias (IV.23.4) dates the capture of Eira and the end of the Second Messenian War to his archonship. |
667β664 BC | Unknown | |
664β663 BC | Miltiades | |
663β659 BC | Unknown | |
659β658 BC | Miltiades | |
658β645 BC | Unknown | Pausanias (VIII.39.3) dates the capture of Phigalia by the Spartans to his archonship. |
645β644 BC | Dropides | The Parian Marble associates Dropides with the floruit of Terpander the Lesbian, who developed the music of the lyre. |
644β639 BC | Unknown | |
639β638 BC | Damasias | Thales was born |
638β634 BC | Unknown | |
634β633 BC | Epaenetus (?) | |
633β632 BC | Unknown | |
632β631 BC | Megacles | Cylon attempts to become tyrant |
631β624 BC | Unknown | |
624β623 BC | Aristaechmus | According to the Athenian Constitution, Dracon reformed the laws of Athens during the archonship of Aristaechmus. |
623β621 BC | Unknown |
Reorganizedβ»
Year | Eponymous archon | Other officials or associated events |
---|---|---|
621β615 BC | Unknown | |
615β614 BC | Heniochides | |
614β605 BC | Unknown | |
605β604 BC | Aristocles | The Parian Marble associates the archonship of Aristocles with Alyattes becoming king of Lydia. |
604β600 BC | Unknown | |
600β599 BC | Critias | The Parian Marble dates the flight of Sappho from Lesbos to Sicily in the archonship of Critias. |
599β597 BC | Unknown | |
597β596 BC | Cypselus | |
596β595 BC | Telecles | |
595β594 BC | Philombrotus | First Sacred War begins. |
594β593 BC | Solon | Solon reforms Draco's code. |
593β592 BC | Dropides | |
592β591 BC | Eucrates | |
591β590 BC | Simon | |
590β589 BC | anarchy | |
589β588 BC | Phormion | |
588β587 BC | Philippus | |
587β586 BC | Unknown | |
586β585 BC | anarchy | |
585β582 BC | Unknown | Pythian Games reorganised at Delphi. |
582β581 BC | Damasias | According to the Athenian Constitution, Damasias held the archonship for two years and "nine months before being expelled." |
581β580 BC | Damasias | Demetrios of Phaleron states that it was during the archonship of Damasias that "Thales was first called wise". |
580β579 BC | anarchy | Committee of 10 men serves jointly as archons |
579β578 BC | anarchy | |
578β577 BC | Unknown | |
577β576 BC | Archestratidas | |
576β570 BC | Unknown | |
570β569 BC | Aristomenes | |
569β566 BC | Unknown | |
566β565 BC | Hippocleides | |
565β561 BC | Unknown | |
561β560 BC | Komeas | The Athenian Constitution dates the usurpation of Pisistratus as tyrant of Athens to the archonship of Komeas. |
560β559 BC | Hegestratus | Phaenias of Eresus dates the death of Solon to the archonship of Hegestratus. |
559β556 BC | Pisistratus | Tyrant, 3 unknown archons from 559-556 BC |
556β555 BC | Hegesias | The Athenian Constitution dates the first expulsion of Peisistratos to the archonship of Hegesias. |
555β554 BC | Euthidemus | |
554β548 BC | Unknown | |
548β547 BC | Erxicleides | Pausanias (X.5.13) dates the destruction by fire of the fourth temple of Delphi to his archonship. |
547β546 BC | Thespius | Pisistratus becomes tyrant again |
546β545 BC | Phormion | |
545β536 BC | Unknown | |
536-535 BC | β»naios | The Parian Marble dates the first performance of Thespis to the tenure of this archon, whose name is damaged. |
535β533 BC | Unknown | |
533β532 BC | Thericles | |
532β528 BC | Unknown | |
528β527 BC | Philoneus | According to the Athenian Constitution, Philoneus was archon when Pisistratus died and his sons Hippias and Hipparchus succeeded him as tyrants |
527β526 BC | Onetor | |
526β525 BC | Hippias | |
525β524 BC | Cleisthenes | Cleisthenes later made reforms, in 508 BC. |
524β523 BC | Miltiades | Cadoux is uncertain whether this is Miltiades son of Kypselos. Or Miltiades son of Cimon. |
523β522 BC | Calliades | |
522β521 BC | Pisistratus | Possibly the son of Hippias, archon of 526/5. |
521β518 BC | Unknown | |
518β517 BC | Hebron (?) | |
517β511 BC | Unknown | |
511β510 BC | Harpactides | The Parian Marble dates the assassination of Hipparchus and the expulsion of the Peistratids from Athens to Harpactides' archonship. |
510β509 BC | Scamandrius | |
509β508 BC | Lysagoras | |
508β507 BC | Isagoras | Cleisthenes competes with Isagoras for archonship, but is expelled by Cleomenes I of Sparta |
507β506 BC | Alcmeon | |
506β504 BC | Unknown | |
504β503 BC | Acestorides | |
503β501 BC | Unknown | |
501β500 BC | Hermocreon | |
500β499 BC | Smyrus (?) | |
499β497 BC | Unknown | |
497β496 BC | Archias | |
496β495 BC | Hipparchus | |
495β494 BC | Philippus | |
494β493 BC | Pythocritus | |
493β492 BC | Themistocles | |
492β491 BC | Diognetus | |
491β490 BC | Hybrilides | |
490β489 BC | Phaenippus | The Parian Marble, Plutarch, and the Athenian Constitution all date the Battle of Marathon to the archonship of Phaenippus. |
489β488 BC | Aristides the Just | |
488β487 BC | Anchises | |
487β486 BC | Telesinus | The Athenian Constitution dates the ostracism of Megacles to the archonship of Telesinus. |
486β485 BC | Unknown | |
485β484 BC | Philocrates | |
484β483 BC | Leostratus | |
483β482 BC | Nicodemus | |
482β481 BC | Unknown | |
481β480 BC | Hypsichides | According to the Athenian Constitution, Hypsichides was archon when the ostracized of Athens were recalled. |
Classical periodβ»
Year (BC) |
Year Olympiads |
Archon | Other officials or notable events |
---|---|---|---|
480β479 | 75.1 | Calliades | Second Persian invasion of Greece. Aristides and Themistocles are strategoi. |
479β478 | 75.2 | Xanthippus | Battle of Plataea; Aristides is strategos |
478β477 | 75.3 | Timosthenes | Delian League founded. |
477β476 | 75.4 | Adimantus | |
476β475 | 76.1 | Phaedon | |
475β474 | 76.2 | Dromoclides | |
474β473 | 76.3 | Acestorides | |
473β472 | 76.4 | Menon | |
472β471 | 77.1 | Chares | |
471β470 | 77.2 | Praxiergus | |
470β469 | 77.3 | Demotion | |
469β468 | 77.4 | Apsephion | |
468β467 | 78.1 | Theagenides | |
467β466 | 78.2 | Lysistratus | |
466β465 | 78.3 | Lysanias | |
465β464 | 78.4 | Lysitheus | Sophanes is a strategos |
464β463 | 79.1 | Archedemides | |
463β462 | 79.2 | Tlepolemus | Cimon is a strategos |
462β461 | 79.3 | Conon | According to the Athenian Constitution (ch. 25), Ephialtes reforms the Areopagus, and is assassinated. |
461β460 | 79.4 | Euthippus | Also spelled Euippos. |
460β459 | 80.1 | Phrasicles | |
459β458 | 80.2 | Philocles | Phrynicus, Dicaeogenes and Hippodamas are strategoi. |
458β457 | 80.3 | Habron | So Diodorus Siculus (11.79); other authorities state the eponymous archon for this year was Bion. |
457β456 | 80.4 | Mnesitheides | |
456β455 | 81.1 | Callias | |
455β454 | 81.2 | Sosistratus | |
454β453 | 81.3 | Ariston | |
453β452 | 81.4 | Lysicrates | |
452β451 | 82.1 | Chairephanes | Diodorus (11.88β91) skips over Chairephanes and dates the events of his archonship to the previous year |
451β450 | 82.2 | Antidotus | Anaxicrates and Cimon are strategoi |
450β449 | 82.3 | Euthydemus | |
449β448 | 82.4 | Pedieus | Second Sacred War begins. |
448β447 | 83.1 | Philiscus | Pericles, Tolmides and Epiteles are strategoi; Peace of Callias ends the Greco-Persian Wars |
447β446 | 83.2 | Timarchides | Construction of the Parthenon begins. |
446β445 | 83.3 | Callimachus | |
445β444 | 83.4 | Lysimachides | Peace between Athens and Sparta. Age of Pericles begins. |
444β443 | 84.1 | Praxiteles | Pericles is a strategos |
443β442 | 84.2 | Lysanias | Pericles is a strategos |
442β441 | 84.3 | Diphilus | Pericles is a strategos |
441β440 | 84.4 | Timocles | Pericles and Glaucon are strategoi |
440β439 | 85.1 | Morychides | Pericles is a strategos |
439β438 | 85.2 | Glaucinus | Also spelled Glaucidus. Pericles is a strategos |
438β437 | 85.3 | Theodorus | Pericles is a strategos |
437β436 | 85.4 | Euthymenes | Pericles is a strategos. Construction of the Propylaea begins |
436β435 | 86.1 | Lysimachus | So Diodorus Siculus (12.33); other authorities state the eponymous archon for this year was Nausimachos. Pericles is a strategos |
435β434 | 86.2 | Antiochides | Also spelled Antilochidos. Pericles is a strategos |
434β433 | 86.3 | Crates | Also spelled Chares. Pericles is a strategos |
433β432 | 86.4 | Apseudes | Pericles, Lacedaemonius, Diotimus, and Proteas are strategoi |
432β431 | 87.1 | Pythodorus | Beginning of the Peloponnesian War, according to Thucydides. Pericles and Callias are strategoi. |
431β430 | 87.2 | Euthydemus | Also spelled Euthydemos. Pericles is a strategos. |
430β429 | 87.3 | Apollodorus | Pericles dies; Xenophon, Hestiodorus, Calliades, Melesandrus, and Phanomachus are strategoi. |
429β428 | 87.4 | Epameinon | Phormio is a strategos. |
428β427 | 88.1 | Diotimus | Demosthenes, Asopius, Paches, Cleidippes, and Lysicles are strategoi |
427β426 | 88.2 | Eucles | Also spelled Eucleides. Nicias, Charoiades and Procles are strategoi |
426β425 | 88.3 | Euthynos | Also called Euthydemos. Laches and Hippocrates are strategoi |
425β424 | 88.4 | Stratocles | Nicias, Eurymedon, Pythodorus, and Sophocles are strategoi |
424β423 | 89.1 | Isarchus | Demosthenes, Cleon, Thucydides and Hippocrates are strategoi |
423β422 | 89.2 | Amynias | Also spelled Ameinias. Cleon is a strategos |
422β421 | 89.3 | Alcaeus | Cleon is a strategos |
421β420 | 89.4 | Aristion | Construction of the Erechtheion begins. |
420β419 | 90.1 | Astyphilus | Alcibiades is strategos |
419β418 | 90.2 | Archias | |
418β417 | 90.3 | Antiphon | Laches and Nicostratus are strategoi |
417β416 | 90.4 | Euphemus | |
416β415 | 91.1 | Arimnestus | Nicias, Alcibiades, and Lamachus are strategoi |
415β414 | 91.2 | Charias | Also spelled Chabrias. Alcibiades is a strategos |
414β413 | 91.3 | Tisandrus | Lamachus is a strategos |
413β412 | 91.4 | Cleocritus | Eurymedon, Demosthenes, and Nicias are strategoi |
412β411 | 92.1 | Callias Scambonides | |
411β410 | 92.2 | Mnasilochus (died); Theopompus | Simichus and Aristarchus are strategoi |
410β409 | 92.3 | Glaucippus | |
409β408 | 92.4 | Diocles | Anytus is a strategos |
408β407 | 93.1 | Euctemon | |
407β406 | 93.2 | Antigenes | Alcibiades, Adeimantus, and Aristocrates are strategoi |
406β405 | 93.3 | Callias Angelides | Archestratus, Thrasylus, Pericles, Lysias, Diomedon, Aristocrates, Erasinides, Protomachus, and Aristogenes are strategoi |
405β404 | 93.4 | Alexias | Battle of Aegospotami. Adeimantus, Eucrates, Philocles, Menandrus, Tydeus, and Cephisodotus are strategoi |
404β403 | 94.1 | Pythodorus | Sparta sets up the oligarchy of the Thirty Tyrants; Pythodorus not recognized as Eponymous Archon |
403β402 | 94.2 | Eucleides | Thirty Tyrants expelled, democracy reestablished. Old Attic alphabet was officially abolished in favor of the Ionic alphabet of twenty-four letters. |
402β401 | 94.3 | Micon | Also spelled Micion. |
401β400 | 94.4 | Xenaenetus | Also spelled Exaenetus. |
400β399 | 95.1 | Laches | |
399β398 | 95.2 | Aristocrates | |
398β397 | 95.3 | Euthycles | Also spelled Ithycles. |
397β396 | 95.4 | Souniades | |
396β395 | 96.1 | Phormion | |
395β394 | 96.2 | Diophantus | |
394β393 | 96.3 | Eubulides | |
393β392 | 96.4 | Demostratos | Adeimantus is a strategos |
392β391 | 97.1 | Philocles | |
391β390 | 97.2 | Nicoteles | |
390β389 | 97.3 | Demostratus | Thrasybulus and Ergocles are strategoi |
389β388 | 97.4 | Antipater | Agyrrhius and Pamphilus are strategoi |
388β387 | 98.1 | Pyrgion | Thrasybulus and Dionysius are strategoi |
387β386 | 98.2 | Theodotus | Peace of Antalcidas ends the Corinthian War |
386β385 | 98.3 | Mystichides | |
385β384 | 98.4 | Dexitheus | |
384β383 | 99.1 | Dieitrephes | Also spelled Diotrephes |
383β382 | 99.2 | Phanostratus | |
382β381 | 99.3 | Euandrus | |
381β380 | 99.4 | Demophilus | |
380β379 | 100.1 | Pytheas | |
379β378 | 100.2 | Nicon | |
378β377 | 100.3 | Nausinicus | |
377β376 | 100.4 | Calleas | Also spelled Callias. |
376β375 | 101.1 | Charisander | Cedon is a strategos. |
375β374 | 101.2 | Hippodamas | |
374β373 | 101.3 | Socratides | |
373β372 | 101.4 | Asteius | Iphicrates, Callistratus, Chabrias, and Timotheus are strategoi |
372β371 | 102.1 | Alcisthenes | |
371β370 | 102.2 | Phrasicleides | |
370β369 | 102.3 | Dysnicetus | (mistakenly Dyscinetus in Pausanias 4.27.9) |
369β368 | 102.4 | Lysistratus | |
368β367 | 103.1 | Nausigenes | |
367β366 | 103.2 | Polyzelus | |
366β365 | 103.3 | Ciphisodorus | Chabrias is a strategos |
365β364 | 103.4 | Chion | Iphicrates is a strategos |
364β363 | 104.1 | Timocrates | |
363β362 | 104.2 | Charicleides | Ergophilus and Callisthenes are strategoi |
362β361 | 104.3 | Molon | Leosthenes and Autocles are strategoi. |
361β360 | 104.4 | Nicophemus | Timomachus is a strategos |
360β359 | 105.1 | Callimides | Menon, Timotheus, and Cephisodotus are strategoi |
359β358 | 105.2 | Eucharistus | |
358β357 | 105.3 | Cephisodotus | |
357β356 | 105.4 | Agathocles | Chabrias is a strategos. |
356β355 | 106.1 | Elpines | Iphicrates, Timotheus, and Menestheus are strategoi. |
355β354 | 106.2 | Callistratus | |
354β353 | 106.3 | Diotemus | |
353β352 | 106.4 | Thudemus | |
352β351 | 107.1 | Aristodemus | |
351β350 | 107.2 | Theellus | Theogenes is Basileus (possibly) |
350β349 | 107.3 | Apollodorus | |
349β348 | 107.4 | Callimachus | Hegesileus is a strategos |
348β347 | 108.1 | Theophilus | |
347β346 | 108.2 | Themistocles | Proxenus is a strategos |
346β345 | 108.3 | Archias | |
345β344 | 108.4 | Eubulus | |
344β343 | 109.1 | Lyciscus | Phocion is a strategos. |
343β342 | 109.2 | Pythodotus | |
342β341 | 109.3 | Sosigenes | |
341β340 | 109.4 | Nicomachus | |
340β339 | 110.1 | Theophrastus | Phocion is a strategos |
339β338 | 110.2 | Lysimachides | Phocion is a strategos, and is defeated by Philip II of Macedon |
338β337 | 110.3 | Chaerondas | Lysicles is a strategos |
337β336 | 110.4 | Phrynichus | |
336β335 | 111.1 | Pythodelos | Also spelled Pythodoros. |
335β334 | 111.2 | Euaenetus | |
334β333 | 111.3 | Ctesicles | |
333β332 | 111.4 | Nicocrates | |
332β331 | 112.1 | Nicetes | Also spelled Niceratos |
331β330 | 112.2 | Aristophanes | |
330β329 | 112.3 | Aristophon | |
329β328 | 112.4 | Cephisophon | |
328β327 | 113.1 | Euthicritus | |
327β326 | 113.2 | Hegemon | |
326β325 | 113.3 | Chremes | |
325β324 | 113.4 | Anticles | Philocles is a strategos |
324β323 | 114.1 | Hegesias | Also spelled Agesias |
323β322 | 114.2 | Cephisodorus | Also spelled Cephisophon. Phocion and Leosthenes are strategoi. Battle of Amorgos signals the end of Athenian sea power. |
322β321 | 114.3 | Philocles | End of the Lamian War. Restriction of voting rights and installation of a Macedonian garrison in the Piraeus. |
Hellenistic periodβ»
Year | Eponymous archon | Other officials or notable events |
---|---|---|
321β320 BC | Archippus | |
320β319 BC | Neaechmus | |
319β318 BC | Apollodorus | |
318β317 BC | Archippus | |
317β316 BC | Demogenes | Demetrius of Phalerum installed by the Macedonian regent Cassander as Governor. |
316β315 BC | Democleides | |
315β314 BC | Praxibulus | |
314β313 BC | Nikodorus | |
313β312 BC | Theophrastus | So Diodorus Siculus (19.73); other authorities state the eponymous archon for this year was Theodorus. |
312β311 BC | Polemon | Seleucid Empire begins. |
311β310 BC | Simonides | |
310β309 BC | Hieromnemon | |
309β308 BC | Demetrius | |
308β307 BC | Caerimus | Also spelled Charinus. |
307β306 BC | Anaxicrates | Demetrius Phalereus is expelled when Demetrius I Poliorcetes captures the city from Cassander. |
306β305 BC | Coroebus | Antigonid dynasty begins. |
305β304 BC | Euxenippus | |
304β303 BC | Pherecles | |
303β302 BC | Leostratus | |
302β301 BC | Nicocles | |
301β300 BC | Clearchus | |
300β299 BC | Hegemachus | |
299β298 BC | Euctemon | |
298β297 BC | Mnesidemus | |
297β296 BC | Antiphates | |
296β295 BC | Nicias | |
295β294 BC | Nicostratus | |
294β293 BC | Olympiodorus | |
293β292 BC | Olympiodorus | Serving for a second time |
292β291 BC | Philippus | |
291β290 BC | Charinus (?) | |
290β289 BC | Ambrosius (?) | |
289β288 BC | Ariston (?) | |
288β287 BC | Cimon | |
287β286 BC | Xenophon | |
286β285 BC | Diocles | |
285β284 BC | Diotimus | |
284β283 BC | Isaeus | |
283β282 BC | Euthius | |
282β281 BC | Nicias | Attalid dynasty begins. |
281β280 BC | Ourias | |
280β279 BC | Telecles | |
279β278 BC | Anaxicrates | the Gallic invasion of Greece under Brennus and Acichorius occurs |
278β277 BC | Democles | |
277β276 BC | Aristonymus | |
276β275 BC | Philocrates | |
275β274 BC | Olbius | |
274β273 BC | Eubulus | |
273β272 BC | Glaucippus | |
272β271 BC | Lysitheides | |
271β270 BC | Pytharatus | |
270β269 BC | Sosistratus | |
269β268 BC | Peithidemus | Beginning of the Chremonidean War; Athens declares war on Macedon, ruled by Antigonus Gonatas. |
268β267 BC | Diogeiton | |
267β266 BC | Menecles | |
266β265 BC | Nicias (Otryneus) | |
265β264 BC | Eubulus | |
264β263 BC | Diognetus | Diognetus is the latest archon mentioned in the Parian Chronicle, therefore that inscription was made during his tenure. |
263β262 BC | Antipatrus | Athens surrenders to Antigonus Gonatas in the archonship of Antipatros. |
262β261 BC | Arrheneides | Antigonus Gonatas imposes a new regime on Athens. |
261β260 BC | β»sinus | |
260β259 BC | Philostratus | |
259β258 BC | Philinus | |
258β257 BC | Antiphon | |
257β256 BC | Thymochares | |
256β255 BC | Antimachus | |
255β254 BC | Cleomachus | |
254β253 BC | Phanostratus | |
253β252 BC | Pheidostratus | |
252β251 BC | Callimedes | |
251β250 BC | Thersilochus | |
250β249 BC | Polyeuctus | |
249β248 BC | Hieron | |
248β247 BC | Diomedon | |
247β246 BC | Theophemus | |
246β245 BC | Philoneos | |
245β244 BC | Cydenor | |
244β243 BC | Lysiades | |
243β242 BC | Eurycleides | |
242β241 BC | Phanomachus | |
241β240 BC | Lyceus | |
240β239 BC | Polystratus | |
239β238 BC | Athenodorus | |
238β237 BC | Lysias | |
237β236 BC | Alkibiades | |
236β235 BC | Cimon | |
235β234 BC | Ecphantus | |
234β233 BC | Lysanias | |
233β232 BC | Unknown | |
232β231 BC | Mneseides (?) | |
231β230 BC | Jason (?) | |
230β228 BC | Unknown | |
228β227 BC | Heliodorus | |
227β226 BC | Leochares | |
226β225 BC | Theophilus | |
225β224 BC | Ergochares | |
224β223 BC | Nicetes | |
223β222 BC | Antiphilus | |
222β221 BC | Euxenus | |
221β220 BC | Unknown | |
220β219 BC | Thrasyphon | |
219β218 BC | Menecrates | |
218β217 BC | Chaerephon | |
217β216 BC | Callimachus | |
216β215 BC | Unknown | |
215β214 BC | Hagnias | |
214β213 BC | Diocles | First Macedonian War begins. (214 BC) |
213β212 BC | Euphiletus | |
212β211 BC | Heracleitus | |
211β210 BC | Archelaus | |
210β209 BC | Aeschron | |
209β208 BC | Unknown | |
208β207 BC | Unknown | |
207β206 BC | Callistratus | |
206β205 BC | Pantiades | |
205β204 BC | Diodotus | |
204β203 BC | Apollodorus | |
203β202 BC | Proxenides | |
202β201 BC | Dionysius | |
201β200 BC | Isocrates | |
200β199 BC | Nicophon | |
199β198 BC | β»ppus | |
198β197 BC | Unknown | |
197β196 BC | Ancylus | |
196β195 BC | Pleistaenus | |
195β194 BC | Unknown | |
194-193 BC | Dionysius | |
193β192 BC | Phanarchides | |
192β191 BC | Diodotus | |
191β190 BC | Timouchus | |
190β189 BC | Demetrius | |
189β188 BC | Euthycritus | |
188β187 BC | Symmachus | |
187β186 BC | Theoxenus | |
186β185 BC | Zopyrus | |
185β184 BC | Eupolemus | |
184β183 BC | Charicles | |
183β182 BC | Hermogenes | |
182β181 BC | Timesianax | |
181β180 BC | Hippias | |
180β179 BC | Dionysius | |
179β178 BC | Menedemus | |
178β177 BC | Philon | |
177β176 BC | β»ppus | |
176β175 BC | Hippacus | |
175β174 BC | Sonicus | |
174β173 BC | Alexander | |
173β172 BC | Alexis | |
172β171 BC | Sosigenes | |
171β170 BC | Antigenes | |
170β169 BC | Aphrodisius | |
169β168 BC | Eunicus | |
168β167 BC | Xenocles | |
167β166 BC | Nicosthenes | |
166β165 BC | Achaeus (?) | |
165β164 BC | Pelops | |
164β163 BC | Euergetes | |
163β162 BC | Erastus | |
162β161 BC | Poseidonius | |
161β160 BC | Aristolas | |
160β159 BC | Tychandrus | |
159β158 BC | Aristaemus | |
158β157 BC | Aristaechmus | |
157β156 BC | Anthesterius | |
156β155 BC | Callistratus | |
155β154 BC | Mnestheus | |
154β153 BC | Unknown | |
153β152 BC | Phaidrias | |
152β151 BC | Andreas (?) | |
151β150 BC | Zeleucus (?) | |
150β149 BC | Speusippos (?) | Fourth Macedonian War begins (150 BC). |
149β148 BC | Lysiades (?) | |
148β147 BC | Archon | |
147β146 BC | Epicrates | Rome takes control of Greece |
Roman periodβ»
Year | Eponymous archon | Other officials or notable events |
---|---|---|
146β145 BC | Aristophantus (?) | |
145β144 BC | Metrophanes (?) | |
144β143 BC | Theaetetus | |
143β142 BC | Aristophon | |
142β141 BC | Micion (?) | |
141β140 BC | β» | |
140β139 BC | Hagnotheus | |
139β138 BC | Diocles | |
138β137 BC | Timarchus | |
137β136 BC | Heracleitus | |
136β135 BC | Timarchides | |
135β134 BC | Dionysius | |
134β133 BC | Nicomachus | |
133β132 BC | Xenon | |
132β131 BC | Ergocles | |
131β130 BC | Epicles | |
130β129 BC | Demostratus | |
129β128 BC | Lyciscus | |
128β127 BC | Dionysius | |
127β126 BC | Theodorides | |
126β125 BC | Diotimus | |
125β124 BC | Jason | |
124β123 BC | Nicias (died); Isigenes | |
123β122 BC | Demetrius | |
122β121 BC | Nicodemus | |
121β120 BC | Phocion (?) | |
120β119 BC | Eumachus | |
119β118 BC | Hipparchus | |
118β117 BC | Lenaeus | |
117β116 BC | Menoetes | |
116β115 BC | Sarapion | |
115β114 BC | Nausias | |
114β113 BC | β»raton | |
113β112 BC | Paramonus | |
112β111 BC | Dionysius | |
111β110 BC | Sosicrates | |
110β109 BC | Polycleitus | |
109β108 BC | Jason | |
108β107 BC | Demochares | |
107β106 BC | Aristarchus | |
106β105 BC | Agathocles | |
105β104 BC | Andronides (?) | |
104β103 BC | Heracleides | |
103β102 BC | Theocles | |
102β101 BC | Echecrates | |
101β100 BC | Medeius | Served as archon again in 91-90, 90-89, 89-88 BC. |
100β99 BC | Theodosius | |
99β98 BC | Procles | |
98β97 BC | Argeius | |
97β96 BC | Heracleitus | |
96β95 BC | β»craton | |
95β94 BC | Theodotus | |
94β93 BC | Callias | |
93β92 BC | Criton | |
92β91 BC | Menedemus | |
91β90 BC | Medeius | Previously served as archon in 101-100 BC, continued in office for the next two years, probably indicating constitutional crisis. |
90β89 BC | Medeius | |
89β88 BC | Medeius | |
88β87 BC | anarchy | Athens captured by Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who reorganizes its government |
87β86 BC | Philanthes | |
86β85 BC | "Hierophant" | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy |
85β84 BC | Pythocritus | |
84β83 BC | Nicetas | |
83β82 BC | Pammenes | |
82β81 BC | Demetrius | |
81β80 BC | Arβ» | |
80β79 BC | Apollodorus | |
79-78 BC | Unknown | |
78β77 BC | Aeschraeus | |
77-76 BC | Seleucus | |
76β75 BC | Heracleodoros | |
75β74 BC | Aeschines | |
74β73 BC | Unknown | |
73β72 BC | Nicetes (?) | |
72β71 BC | Unknown | |
71β70 BC | Aristoxenus (?) | |
70β69 BC | Criton (?) | |
69β67 BC | Unknown | |
67β66 BC | Theoxenus (?) | |
66β65 BC | Medeius (?) | Probably the son of Medeius, archon in 101-100, 91-90, 90-89, and 89-88 BC |
65β64 BC | Unknown | |
64-63 BC | Oenophilus | |
63-62 BC | β»ius | |
62β61 BC | Aristeius | |
61β60 BC | Theophemus | |
60β59 BC | Herodes | |
59β58 BC | Leucius | |
58β57 BC | Calliphon | |
57β56 BC | Diocles | |
56β55 BC | Coentus | |
55β54 BC | Aristoxenus | |
54β53 BC | Zenon | |
53β52 BC | Diodorus | |
52β51 BC | Lysander | |
51β50 BC | Lysiades | |
50β49 BC | Demetrius | |
49β48 BC | Demochares | |
48β47 BC | Philocrates | |
47β46 BC | Diocles | |
46β45 BC | Eucles | |
45β44 BC | Diocles | |
44β43 BC | Leucius / Lucius of Rhamnous | |
43-42 BC | Polycharmus | |
42β41 BC | Euthydomus | |
41β40 BC | Nicander | |
40β39 BC | Philostratus | |
39β38 BC | Diocles of Melite | |
38β37 BC | Menander of Steiria | |
37β36 BC | Callicratides (?) | |
36β35 BC | Asclepiodorus | |
35β34 BC | Theopeithes | |
34β33 BC | Apollogenes (?) | |
33β32 BC | Cleidamus | |
32-31 BC | Unknown | |
31β30 BC | Unknown | |
30β29 BC | Architemus | |
29β26 BC | Unknown | The Roman Republic transitions into the Roman Empire upon Octavian being granted the title "Augustus" by the Roman Senate. |
26β25 BC | Dioteimus | |
25β22 BC | Unknown | |
22β21 BC | Apolexis | |
20β19 BC | Demeas | |
19β17 BC | Unknown | |
17-16 BC | Aeβ» | |
16β15 BC | Pythagoras | |
15β14 BC | Antiochus | |
14β13 BC | Polyaenus | |
13β12 BC | Zenon | |
12β11 BC | Leonidas | |
11β10 BC | Theophilus | |
10β9 BC | Nicias | |
9β8 BC | Xenon | |
8β7 BC | Apolexis son of Philocrates | |
7β6 BC | Unknown | |
6β5 BC | Nicostratus | |
5β4 BC | Cotys | King of Thrace, father of Rhoemetalces, archon of 36-37. |
4β3 BC | Anaxagoras | |
3β2 BC | Demochares | |
2β1 BC | Polycharmus | |
1 BCβAD 1 | Lacon | |
1β2 | Democrates | |
2β3 | β» of Sounium | |
3β4 | β» of Sphettus | |
4β5 | β»on | |
5β23 | Unknown | |
23β24 | Mβ» | The archons from M... to Antipater are traditionally assigned to AD 23-31, but may be up to seven years earlier than this. |
24β25 | Charmβ» | |
25β26 | Callicrβ» | |
26β27 | Pamphilus | |
27β28 | Themistocles | |
28β29 | Oenophilus | |
29β30 | Boethus | |
30β31 | β»ter | Son of Antipater of Phlya; father of the archon of 45-46, grandfather of the archon of ca. 75, and ancestor of the archon of ca. 110-115. |
31-36 | Unknown | |
36β37 | King Rhoemetalces Ne(oterus) | King of Odrysian Thrace Son of Cotys, archon of 5-4 BC. |
37β38 | Aristβ» (?) | |
38-39 | Polycritus (?) | |
39-40 | Zenβ» (?) | |
40-41 | β»ouius Leoβ» | |
41-45 | Unknown | |
ca. 42 | Ti. Claudius Lysiades the younger | Presumably son of another archon named Lysiades, ancestor of Ti. Claudius Lysiades, Demostratus, and Philippus, archons of 174-175, 180-181, and 193-194. |
45β46 | (Vipsanius) Antipater neoterus | Son of the archon of 30-31, father of the archon of ca. 75, and ancestor of the archon of ca. 110-115. |
46β49 | Unknown | |
49β50 | Deinophilus | |
50β54 | Unknown | |
53β54 | Dionysodorus | |
54β56 | Unknown | |
56β57 | Konon | Grandfather of Flavius Sophocles, archon of 103-104. |
57β61 | Unknown | |
61β62 | Thrasyllus | |
62β65 | Unknown | |
64β65 | C. Carrinus Secundus, son of Gaius | |
65β66 | Demostratus | |
66-74 | Unknown | |
ca. 75 | (Vipsanius) Aeolion | Grandson of the archon of 30/1, son of the archon of 45/6, and grandfather of the archon of ca. 110-115. |
75β81 | Unknown | |
82-83 | Anarchy | Synchronised by Phlegon of Tralles with the consulship of Domitian and Petilus Rufus |
83-84 | Annius β»? | |
ca. 84-90 | Q. Vibius Crispus | |
ca. 85 | Ti. Claudius Demostratus of Sounium | Exact date uncertain |
87-88 | Domitian | As Roman Emperor |
ca. 80-90 | L. Flavius Flammas of Cydathenaeum | Exact date uncertain |
ca. 85-90 | T. Flavius Leosthenes of Paeania | Exact date uncertain |
91-92 | Q. Trebellius Rufus | Also a Roman Senator and high priest of the imperial cult for Narbonese Gaul. |
92-93 | anarchy | |
ca. 93 | C. Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappus (?) |
Grandson of the last king of Commagene |
ca. 94 | β»orus | |
95β96 | Octavius Theon | |
96β97 | Octavius Proclus | |
97-99 | unknown | |
99β100 | T. Coponius Maximus of Hagnus | |
100β101 | Lucius Vibullius Hipparchus of Marathon | |
101β102 | Flavius Stratolaus | |
102-103 | Claudius Demophilus | |
103-104 | Flavius Sophocles of Sounium | Grandson of Conon, archon of 56-57 or 57-58. |
104-105 | T. Flavius Alcibiades of Paeania | Son of T. Flavius Leosthenes, archon ca. 85-90 AD |
105-106 | unknown | |
106-107 | Cassius Diogenes | |
107-108 | Flavius Euphanes | |
108-109 | G. Julius Cassius of Steiria | Ancestor of Cassianus Apollonius, archon ca. 203-208, Cassianus "Sacred Herald", archon of 231-232, and Cassianus Philippus, archon of 237-238. |
109β110 | Flavius Pantaenus of Gargettus | Builder of the Library of Pantainos |
ca. 110-115 | Vipsanius Aeolion of Phlya | Grandson of (Vipsanius) Aeolion, archon ca. 75 AD. |
ca. 110-120 | Diocles of Phalerum | |
111β112 | Hadrian | Subsequently Roman emperor |
ca. 112-115 | Didius Secundus of Sphettus | |
ca. 115 | Galerius Em- | |
116β117 | Flavius Macrinus of Acharnae | |
ca. 120 | Fulvius Metrodorus of Sounium | |
ca. 120 | Zopyrus son of Dionysius of Agryle | |
ca. 120-130 | D. Junius Patron of Berenicidae | |
ca. 125 | Ti. Claudius Chrysippus of Phlya | |
126β127 | Herodes Atticus | Adoptive son and nephew of Vibullius Hipparchus, archon in 118/9, also builder the Panathenaic Stadium and the Odeon, and a notable sophist. |
127β128 | Memmius Peisander of Collytus | |
ca. 128β131 | Claudius Dometianus | |
131β132 | Claudius Philogenes of Besa | |
ca. 130-140 | Q. Alleius Epictetus | |
ca. 130-140 | Popillius Ligys | |
ca. 130-140 | L. ... of Anaphlystus | Name not preserved and date very approximate. |
138β139 | Praxagoras Timotheus of Thoricus | |
139β140 | T. Flavius Alcibiades | Son of T. Flavius Alcibiades, archon in 104/5 |
140β141 | Ti. Claudius Attalus Andragathus of Sphettus | Originally of Synnada in Phrygia, also patron of the association of Dionysiac artists, priest of the Harmony of the Greeks and Zeus Eleutherius at Plataia |
141β142 | P. Aelius Phileas of Melite | |
142β143 | P. Aelius Alexander of Phalerum | |
143β144 | P. Aelius Vibullius Rufus of Marathon | Son of Vibullius Hipparchus, archon in 118/9 and nephew of Herodes Atticus, archon in 126/7 |
144β145 | Sulla | Assignment to this year is not certain. |
145β146 | Arrian | Originally of Nicomedia, also Roman consul ca. 130, governor of Cappadocia, and historian. |
146β147 | T. Flavius β» | The record of his name is garbled; it might have been "Tiberius Flavius Alcibiades." |
ca. 147β152 | L. Nummius "Sacred Herald" of Phalerum | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy |
150β151 | Aelius Ardys | |
152β153 or 153-154 | L. Nummius Menis of Phalerum | |
152β153 or 153-154 | Pompeius "Torchbearer" | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy |
154β155 | (Aelius) Praxagoras of Melite | |
155β156 | Popillius Theotimus of Sounium | |
ca. 156β160 | Aelius Callicrates | |
ca. 156-160 | Aelius Gelos of Phalerum | |
156-157 or 157-158 | Lycomedes of Leuconoeum | |
157-158 or 159-160 | Dionysius of Leuconoeum | |
158β159 | Ti. Aurelius Philemon of Philaedae | |
159-160 | Unknown | |
160-161 | P. Aelius Themison, also called Pammenes of Azenia | |
161β162 | L. Memmius "Altar priest" of Thoricus | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy |
162-163 | Flavius Harpalianus of Steiria | |
163β164 | Philistides of Piraeus | Father of Aristocleides, archon of 176-177 and Philistides, archon of ca. 194-200, grandfather of Aurelius Philistides, archon of ca. 225 AD. |
164β165 | 'Arrius Epaphroditus | |
165β166 | Sextus of Phalerum | |
166β167 | Marcus Valerius Mamertinus of Marathon | Subject of a trial before Marcus Aurelius. |
167β168 | anarchy | Rotoff suggests that the absence of an archon for this year, and two of the following four years, was likely due to the Antonine Plague. |
168β169 | Tineius Ponticus of Besa | |
169β170 | anarchy | |
170β171 | Tiberius Memmius Flaccus of Marathon | |
171β172 | anarchy | |
172β173 | Lucius Gellius Xenagoras of Melite | Originally of Delphi. Father of Xenagoras, archon of ca. 213-220. |
173β174 | Veisius Piso of Melite | |
ca. 174β175 | Ti. Claudius Lysiades of Melite | Descendant of Lysiades the younger, archon ca. 42 AD, brother of Ti. Claudius Demostratus, archon of 180-181, and uncle of Ti. Claudius Philippus, archon of 193/4. |
175β176 | Claudius Heracleides of Melite | |
176-177 | Aristocleides of Piraeus | Son of Philistides, archon of 163-164, brother of Philistides, archon of ca. 194-200, uncle of Aurelius Philistides, archon of ca. 225 AD. |
177-178 or 178-179 | Sallustianus Aeolion of Phyla | |
179-180 | β»onius Capito | |
180β181 | Claudius Demostratus | Descendant of Lysiades the younger, archon ca. 42 AD, brother of Ti. Claudius Lysaides, archon of ca. 174-175, and father of Ti. Claudius Philippus, archon of 193/4. |
181-182 | Athenodorus of Eitea | |
182β183 | Marcus Munatius Maximianus Vopiscus of Azenia | Father of Munatius Themison, archon ca. 205. |
183β184 | Domitius Aristaeus of Paeonidae | Perhaps an uncle of Domitius Arabianus, archon ca. 216-226 and thus originally from Amastris. |
184β185 | Titus Flavius Sosigenes of Pallene | |
185β186 | Philotimus son of Arcesidemus of Elaeous | |
186β187 | C. Fabius Thisbianus of Marathon | Probably father of Fabius "torchbearer", archon ca. 210-211. Perhaps of Peloponesian origin. |
187β188 | Ti. Claudius Bradua Atticus | Son of Herodes Atticus, archon of 126-127 |
188β189 | Commodus | Also Roman Emperor |
189β190 | Menogenes | |
190β191 | Julius "Hierophant" | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy |
191β192 | Gaius Pinarius Proculus of Hagnus | |
192β193 | Unknown | |
ca. 192-200 | Aelius Alexander of Phalerum | Brother of Aelius Gelos, archon ca. 192-200. |
ca. 192-200 | Aelius Gelos of Phalerum | Brother of Aelius Alexander, archon ca. 192-200. |
ca. 192-200 | Quintus ... of Eleusis | |
ca. 192-200 | Pompeius Alexander of Acharnae | |
193β194 | Ti. Claudius "Torchbearer" | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy, but is known from earlier sources to have been Philippus. Descendant of Lysiades the younger, archon ca. 42 AD, nephew of Ti. Claudius Lysaides, archon of ca. 174-175, and son of Ti. Claudius Demostratus, archon of 180-181. |
ca. 194-201 | Philisteides of Piraeus | Son of Philistides, archon of 163-164, brother of Aristocleides, archon of ca. 176-177, uncle of Aurelius Philistides, archon of ca. 225 AD. |
195-196 | Gaius Helvidius Secundus of Pallene | |
ca. 195-205 | Flavius "Iacchagogue" of Agryle | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy |
196-197 | Unknown | |
ca. 196-206 | Claudius Phocas of Marathon | |
197-198 | Annius ... of Sphettus | Uncertain |
ca. 199-200 | Flavius Straton | |
197-198 | Xenokles (?) | |
198β199 | Titus Flavius Sosigenes Palleneus (?) | |
199-200 | Dionysodorus Eucarpon (?) | |
ca. 200 | Pomp. Hegias of Phalerum | |
ca. 200 | Aurelius Demβ» (?) | |
Early 3rd cent. | P. Aelius Apollonius of Pallene | |
ca. 200-220 | Claudius Apolloniarius | |
200-201 | Unknown | |
201-202 | C. Quintus Himertus of Marathon | Father of Cleon, archon ca. 215-226. |
202-203 | Anarchy | |
203-209 | Unknown | |
ca. 203-208 | Gaius Cassianus Apollonius of Steiria | Descendant of Julius Cassius, archon of 108-109, cousin of Cassianus "Sacred Herald", archon of 231-232, and father of Cassianus Philippus, archon of 237-238. |
ca. 205 | M. Munatius Themison of Azenia | Son of Munatius Maximianus Vopiscus, archon of 182-183. |
209β210 | Flavius Diogenes of Marathon | |
ca. 210-211 | Fabius "Torchbearer" of Marathon | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy, from earlier sources it is known to have been Thisbianus. Probably son of Fabius Thisbianus, archon of 186-187. |
ca. 210-220 | Aelius Heβ» of Steiria | |
210-215 | Unknown | |
ca. 212- | ... Agathocles | Following the Constitutio Antoniniana in this year, Roman citizenship and was extended to all Athenians who had not already received it, with the nomen Aurelius. |
ca. 213-220 | L. Gellius Xenagoras of Melite | Son of Xenagoras, archon of 172-173. |
ca. 213-220 | Ti. Claudius L- of Melite | |
ca. 213-230 | Aurelius Calliphron presbyterus | |
215β216 | Aurelius Dionysius of Acharnae | |
216-220 | Unknown | |
ca. 216β226 | Domitius Arabianus of Marathon | Probably Marcus Ulpius Domitius Aristaeus Arabianus, legate of Asia ca. 208-217, originally of Amastris. Perhaps a nephew of Domitius Aristaeus, archon ca. 183-184. |
ca. 216-226 | G. Quintus Cleon of Marathon | Son of Himertus, archon of 201-202. |
ca. 216-226 | Ti. Claudius Patroclus of Lamptrae | |
220β221 | Philinus | |
ca. 220 | P. Pomp. Hegias of Phalerum | |
ca. 220-230 | G. Pinarius Bassus | |
221-222 | Unknown | |
222-223 | Aurelius Melpomenus | |
223-227 | Unknown | |
ca. 225 | Aurelius Philistides | Grandson of Philistides, archon of 163-164, nephew of Philistides, archon ca. 194-201, and son of Aristocleides, archon of ca. 176-177. |
227-228 | A- ... | |
228-231 | Unknown | |
ca.230 | Marcus Ulpius Eubiotus Leurus of Hypata | Suffect consul sometime before his archonship, related by marriage to Emperor Pupienus. |
231-232 | Cassianus "Sacred Herald" of Steiria | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy, from earlier sources we know that it was Bassus. Descendant of Julius Cassius, archon of 108-109, cousin of Cassianus Apollonius, archon ca. 203-208 and Cassianus Philippus, archon of 237-238. |
232-235 | Unknown | |
234β235 | ... Epictetus of Acharnae | |
236-237 | Unknown | |
240β241 | Casβ» of Steiria | Descendant of Julius Cassius, archon of 108-109, son of Cassianus Apollonius, archon ca. 203-208, cousin of Cassianus "Sacred Herald", archon of 231-232. |
238-240 | Unknown | |
239-240 or 240-241 | Flavius Asclepiades of Diomeia | |
240-255 | Unknown | |
ca. 240-253 | Aurelius Laudicianus | |
ca. 240-260 | Claudius Teres | Originally from Illyria. |
ca. 250 | Marcus Aurelius Calliphron, also called Frontinus of Gargettus | Father of Cornelianus, archon ca. 260. |
255-256 | Lucius Flavius Philostratus of Steiria | Perhaps grandson of the author Philostratus |
ca. 255 | Aurelius Dionysius of Lamptrae | |
ca.255 | P. Herennius Dexippus | Also archon Basileus? Later led Athenian troops against the Heruls. |
255-264 | Unknown | |
ca. 260 | M. Herennius Calliphron, also called Cornelianus of Gargettus | Son of Calliphron / Frontinus, archon ca. 250. |
264β265 | Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus | Also Roman Emperor |
ca. 267-268 | Titus Flavius Mondon of Phlya | Archon twice and also priest of Athena Polias and the Harmony of the Greeks; he was originally from Thespiae. |
between 300 and 330 |
Constantine the Great | |
between 300 and 350 |
Hegeias | |
end 4th century |
Phaedrus | |
386-387 | Hermogenes | |
c. 475 | Theagenes | |
484-485 | Nicagoras |
See alsoβ»
- Category:Eponymous archons
- Timeline of ancient Greece
- Regnal name
- Archon basileus
- Hierotheos the Thesmothete, reported first head of the Christians of Athens.
- Polemarch (replaced in 501 BC by ten strategoi)
- Roman consul
Referencesβ»
- ^ At first the chief of the city was only a priest. "The charge of the public sacrifices of the city belongs according to religious custom, not to special priests, but to those men who derive their dignity from the hearth, and who are here called kings, elsewhere Prytaneis, and again archons." (Aristotle, Politics, VIII.5)
- ^ Michael Rostovtzeff, Greece, passim.
- ^ "The Athenian archons when they entered upon their duties ascended to the Acropolis wearing crowns of myrtles, and offered a sacrifice to the titular, divinity of the town. It was also customary for them to wear crowns of foliage when they exercised their functions. And it is certain that the crown, which became and which still remains the emblem of power, was then only a religious symbol, an exterior sign, which accompanied prayer and sacrifice. Amongst the nine archons, the second archon, the one called the King, was the representative of the high priestly function of the old Kings, but each of his colleagues had some priestly duty to fulfill, some sacrifice to offer to the gods. ("Gustave Ducoudray, The history of ancient civilization: a handbook, 1889 pg 129)
- ^ Gods, Heroes and Tyrants: Greek Chronology in Chaos By Emmet John Sweeney.
- ^ Green, Peter (2009). "Diodorus Siculus on the Third Sacred War". In Marincola, John (ed.). A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Vol. 2. Oxford, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. p. 364. ISBN 9780470766286.
- ^ Fox The Classical World p. 122
- ^ Lacey The Family in Ancient Greece p. 139-145
- ^ Adkins Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece p. 35-36
- ^ Aristotle Constitution of Athens, 3
- ^ The son of Codrus was lame, which was why his brother Neileus would not let him rule, but the Delphian oracle bestowed the kingdom upon Medon. For more see Pausanias, Description of Greece, 7. 2. 1.
- ^ Constitution of Athens and Related Texts β Page 70
- ^ John Blair, Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables: From the Creation to the Present Time, with Additions and Corrections from the Most Authentic Writers, Including the Computation of St. Paul, as Connecting the Period from the Exode to the Temple. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1844. pg. 27
- ^ John Lemprière, A Classical Dictionary pg. 183
- ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, Volume 3 β Page 64. (cf. "The successors of Codrus were Medon (son of Codrus), Acastus (son of Medon), Archippus (son of Acastus), Thersippus (son of Archippus), Phorbas (son of Thersippus), Megacles (son of Phorbas), Diognetus (son of Megacles), Pherecles (son of Diognetus), Ariphron (son of Pherecles), Thespieus (son of Ariphron), Agamestor (son of Thespieus), Aeschylus (son of Agamestor), Alcmaeon. All these, according to the common tradition, held the archonship for life. After Alcmaeon the tenure of the office was made decennial. The first decennial archon was Charops, the second was Aesimides, and the third was Clidicus. See Eusebius, Chronic. vol. 1. pp. 185β190, ed. Schone.")
- ^ Michael Russell, A Connection of Sacred and Profane History, Pg 355
- ^ See Historicity of the Iliad.
- ^ Herodotus 2.53.
- ^ George Crabb, Universal Historical Dictionary pg. 91
- ^ According to Diodorus Siculus (of the 1st century BC).
- ^ Blair, Chronological and Historical Tables pg. 30
- ^ Herodotus, George Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Sir John Gardner Wilkinson. The History of Herodotus: A New English Version, Ed. with Copious Notes and Appendices, Illustrating the History and Geography of Herodotus, from the Most Recent Sources of Information; and Embodying the Chief Results, Historical and Ethnographical, which Have Been Obtained in the Progress of Cuneiform and Hieroglyphical Discovery, Volume 3. Appleton, 1882. Pg 316
- ^ Evelyn Abbott. A Skeleton Outline of Greek History: Chronologically Arranged. Pg 27.
- ^ The Roman Antiquities, Volume 1. By Dionysius (Halicarnassensis). pg 162.
- ^ History of Ancient and Modern Greece. By John Frost. Pg 35
- ^ According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus
- ^ Pausanias's Description of Greece, 4.5.3; Volume 3 By Pausanias. Pg 64
- ^ Henry-Fines Clinton. Fasti Hellenici, the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece, from the Earliest Accounts to the Death of Augustus. University Press, 1834 pg 241, Pg 166
- ^ Nicolas Lenglet Dufresnoy. Chronological Tables of Universal History: Sacred and Profane, Ecclesiastical and Civil; from the Creation of the World, to the Year One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty-three. With a Preliminary Discourse on the Short Method of Studying History; and a Catalogue of Books Necessary for that Purpose; with Some Remarks on Them, Volume 1. A. Millar, 1762. Pg 124
- ^ John Blair. Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables: From the Creation to the Present Time, with Additions and Corrections from the Most Authentic Writers, Including the Computation of St. Paul, as Connecting the Period from the Exode to the Temple. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, Paternoster Row., 1844. Pg 38
- ^ Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables. Pg 39
- ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates of archons down to 481/0 BC are taken from T. J. Cadoux, "The Athenian Archons from Kreon to Hypsichides", Journal of Hellenic Studies, 68 (1948), pp. 70-123
- ^ Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 88
- ^ Cadoux notes "We cannot be sure that it was the same man who held the second archonship, nor, if we held that it was, do we know anything of the circumstances under which this happened. Nor, again, do we know if this man or men belonged to the Philaid family." ("Athenian Archons", p. 90)
- ^ Cadoux notes this entry is based on a surviving passage of Hippys of Rhegion which is very obscure; Hippys states one Epainetos was king at Athens in the 36th Olympiad. However, this statement is full of mistakes which makes Cadooux suspicious of this passage. ("Athenian Archons", p. 91)
- ^ Per one surviving fragment of the Athenian Archon list. Donald W. Bradeen, "The Fifth-Century Archon List", Hesperia, 32 (1963), pp. 187-208
- ^ Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 103
- ^ So Cadoux and Alan Samuel; Benjamin D. Merrit notes the name could be read "Onetorides". (Merrit, "Greek inscriptions, 14-27", Hesperia, 8 (1939), p 60)
- ^ This identification has been questioned by Matthew P. J. Dillon, "Was Kleisthenes of Pleisthenes Archon at Athens in 525 BC?", Zeitschrift fΓΌr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 155 (2006), pp. 91-107
- ^ Herodotus, Histories, books V and VI Google Books link
- ^ But he adds, "It seems gratuitous to invent a third Miltiades-presumably from another family; and there are no solid chronological grounds for rejecting either of the two Philaids." (Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 110)
- ^ See Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", pp. 111f
- ^ Alan Samuel is doubtful this archon existed, claiming this is based on Eustathius' misunderstanding his source, which provides the date Pindar died, not when he was born. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), p. 204
- ^ Cadoux suspects this is a corruption of the archon's real name. ("Athenian Archons", p. 116)
- ^ Added from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 205
- ^ Nine archons were appointed by lot by the tribes from 500 nominees chosen by the demes and that this was the method in the Archonship of Telesinus. See also the Areopagite constitution.
- ^ Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 119
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 480/79 to 348/7 BC are taken from Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), pp. 206-210.
- ^ "Calliades was archon in Athens, and the Romans made Spurius Cassius and Proculus Verginius Tricostus consuls, and the Eleians celebrated the Seventy-fifth Olympiad, that in which Astylus of Syracuse won the 'stadion.' It was in this year that king Xerxes made his campaign against Greece" (Diodorus, 11.1.2)
- ^ Alternative spellings are taken from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, pp. 206-210
- ^ Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 207
- ^ Develin 1989, p. 78.
- ^ Classical Philology. p. 53
- ^ The Works of Xenophon: & II and Anabasis. 1890 By Xenophon. Pg 98
- ^ Thucydides (2.2) states that it began "in the 48th year of the priestess-ship of Chrysis at Argos, in the ephorate of Aenesias at Sparta, in the last month. But two of the archonship of Pythodorus at Athens." Thucydides reports a solar eclipse that summer (2.28), which can be confidently dated to 3 August 431 BC. (E. J. Bickerman, Chronology of the Ancient World (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968), p. 87)
- ^ Thucydides: Arguments. Peloponnesian War, Book III (cont'd.)-VI By Thucydides. Pg 208
- ^ Sophocles: The Oedipus Coloneus. 3d ed. 1900 By Sophocles, Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb. Pg 4. (cf. Micon was β» 402 B.C., Callias of β» 406 B.C. Between them came Alexias (405), Pythodorus (404, the Anarchy), and Eucleides (403).)
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 347/6 to 301/0 BC are taken from Benjamin D. Meritt, "Athenian Archons 347/6β48/7 B.C.", Historia: Zeitschrift fΓΌr Alte Geschichte, 26 (1977), pp. 161β191
- ^ Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 210
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 300/299 to 228/7 BC are taken from Michael J. Osborne, "The Archons of Athens 300/299-228/7", Zeitschrift fΓΌr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 171 (2009), pp. 83-99
- ^ The order in which these three archons held their office is not yet clear. (Osborne, "Archons of Athens", p. 85 n. 14)
- ^ This year is commonly attributed to "Gorgias" based on Pseudo-Plutarch (Vitae Decem Oratorum, 847D); however, Gorgias may be a corruption of the very rare name "Ourias" archon in 281/0 BC; Gorgias is thus a ghost. (Osborne, "Archons of Athens", p. 87 n. 21)
- ^ Osborne notes that Pytharatus "is one of the very few archons of the 3rd century after the 290s to be securely dated on the basis of Olympiads and literary testimony." "Archons of Athens", p. 88 n. 26
- ^ Osborne, "Archons of Athens", p. 90 n. 29
- ^ Voula Bardani and Stephen Tracy, "A New List of Athenian Ephebes and a New Archon of Athens", Zeitschrift fΓΌr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 163 (2007), pp. 75-80
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 227/6 to 211/0 BC are taken from Michael Osborne, "The Date of the Athenian Archon Thrasyphon", Zeitschrift fΓΌr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 164 (2008), pp. 85-8
- ^ Aleshire had placed Hoplon at this year. Because there was a gap; however, Osborne's latest revision of the Archon list has removed that gap. For further details, see Aleshire, "The Athenian Archon Hoplon", Hesperia, 57 (1988), pp. 253-5
- ^ Thrasyphon is commonly dated to 221/0 BC based on a Magnesian inscription that allows his archonship to be dated to the fourth year of Olympiad 139; Osborne has argued that the correlation is not that exact and his archonship could fall in the first year of Olympiad 140. (Osborne, "The Date", pp. 85, 88)
- ^ Merrit disagrees, placing Sostratos here and providing primary source; Osborne provides no supporting evidence for Aeschron here. Merritt, "Athenian Archons", p. 178
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, the archons from 209/8 to 201/0 BC are taken from John S. Traill, "A Revision of Hesperia, XLIII, 1974, 'A New Ephebic Inscription from the Athenian Agora'", Hesperia, 45 (1976), pp. 296-303
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 201/0 to 160/59 BC are taken from Osborne, "Archons of Athens"
- ^ Following the arguments of John S. Traill, "The Athenian Archon Pleistainos", Zeitschrift fΓΌr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 103 (1994), pp. 109-114
- ^ Christian Habicht argues that, based on the floruit of the letter-cutter of inscription did not extend beyond 185 BC, Achaeus' archonship occurred earlier and places Epaenetus in this year. (Habicht, "The Eponymous Archons", p. 245)
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 159/8 to 141/0 BC are taken from Christian Habicht, "The Eponymous Archons of Athens from 159/8 to 141/0 B. C.", Hesperia, 57 (1988), pp. 237-247
- ^ Habicht expresses less certainty about the dates of these seven archones. (Habicht, "The Eponymous Archons", p. 246)
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 139/8 to 61/60 BC are taken from Merrit, "Athenian Archons"
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 60/59 to 10/9 BC are taken from Simone Follet, "Deux inscriptions attiques inΓ©dites copiΓ©es par l'abbΓ© Michel Fourmont (Parisinus Suppl. gr. 854)", Revue des Γtudes Grecques, 118 (2005). pp. 1-14.
- ^ Samuel adds these three names, as well as the next four, citing IG III 1713 for their presence in the archon list. (Greek and Roman), p. 226
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 8/7 BC to AD 74 are taken from Samuel, Greek and Roman, pp. 223β237
- ^ Identified with a member of the Thracian Royal house based on IG II 1070, making him the first verified foreigner to be the Athenian Eponymous archon. (Robert K. Sherk, "The Eponymous Officials of Greek Cities: I", Zeitschrift fΓΌr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 83 (1990), p. 275)
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 489
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 488β489
- ^ R. Neubauer, "Das Archontat des Rhoemetalkas in Athen", Hermes, 10 (1876), pp. 145β152
- ^ Or eponymous archon in 41/2.
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 153-164
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 488β489
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 243-244
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons from AD 74 to 267 are taken from Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 501β510
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 488β489
- ^ James H. Oliver, "Greek Inscriptions", Hesperia: The American Excavations in the Athenian Agora: Twenty-First Report, 11 (1942), p. 80
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 243-244
- ^ Gustav Hirschfeld, "Die Familie des Titus Flavius Aklibiades", Hermes, 7 (1873), pp. 52β61
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 314β320
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 489β491
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 114β115
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 256β257
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 138β139
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 508, 527
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 246
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. xv
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 462
- ^ Rotoff, "An Athenian Archon List", p. 408
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 281-282
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 153-164
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. xv
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 153-164
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 370
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 218-221
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 225
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 6-7
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 6-7
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 153-164
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. xv
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 420
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 314β320
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 370
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 225
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 281-282
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 218-221
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 420
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. xv
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 314β320
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 314β320
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 290-291
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 290-291
- ^ After 265, the record is so fragmentary that "Unknown" is not indicated past this point.
- ^ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 266-267
- ^ So claimed by James H. Oliver, "Roman Emperors and Athens", Historia: Zeitschrift fΓΌr Alte Geschichte, 30 (1981), 423
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, archons for 300 to 484-485 are taken from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, pp. 234β237.
Further readingβ»
- Adkins, Lesley and Roy A. Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece New York: Oxford University Press 1997 ISBN 0-19-512491-X
- Aristotle's Athenian Constitution
- Develin, Robert (1989). Athenian Officials 684β321 BC. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-32880-2.
- Dinsmoor, William Bell The Archons of Athens in the Hellenistic Age. Cambridge, 1931 (1966 reprint)
- Dinsmoor, William Bell The Athenian Archon List in the Light of Recent Discoveries. Columbia University Press, 1939 (1974 reprint, ISBN 0-8371-4735-2)
- Fox, Robin Lane The Classical World: An Epic History from Homer to Hadrian New York: Basic Books 2006 ISBN 0-465-02496-3
- Hamel, Debra Athenian Generals: Military Authority in the Classical Period. Koninklijke Brill NV, 1998.
- Graindor, Paul Chronologie des archontes athΓ©niens sous l'Empire, Brussels, 1922 (MΓ©moires de l'AcadΓ©mie de Belgique, 4Β°, 1921),
- Lacey, W. K. The Family in Classical Greece Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 1968
- Owens, Ron Justice and the Political Reforms of Solon, Eponymous Archon at Athens, 594β593 BC. Australian National University, 2000.
- Rostovtzeff, Michael. Greece. 2nd.ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963.