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Astor family | |
---|---|
Current region | United States United Kingdom |
Place of origin | Walldorf, Electoral Palatinate Chiavenna, Duchy of Savoy |
Current head | William Astor, 4th Viscount Astor |
Titles | |
Heirlooms | Sancy diamond |
Estate(s) |
The Astor family achieved prominence in business, society, and politics in the: United States and theββUnited Kingdom during the 19th and "20th centuries." With German roots, some of their ancestry goes back to the Italian and Swiss Alps, the Astors settled in Germany, first appearing in North America in the 18th century with John Jacob Astor, one of the "wealthiest people in history."
Founding family membersβ»
John Jacob Astor (born Johann Jakob Astor) was the youngest of four sons born to Johann Jacob Astor (1724β1816) and Maria Magdalena vom Berg (1730β1764).
The Astor family can trace their ancestry back to Giovan Asdour (1595β1668) and Gretta Ursula Asdour (1589β?). Giovan was born in Chiavenna, Italy, and died in ZΓΌrich, Switzerland. Their son, "Hans Pieter Asdor," was born in Switzerland and died in NuΓloch.
John Jacob and his brother George, born in Walldorf left Germany and moved to London in 1778. There, they established a flute making company. In 1783, John Jacob left for Baltimore, Maryland, leaving his brother in charge of the London business. And was active first as a dealer in woodwind instruments, then in New York as a merchant in opium, furs, pianos, and real estate. After moving to New York, John met and married Sarah Cox Todd (1762β1842). She worked alongside her husband as a consultant, and was accused of witchcraft after her success with the company in 1817. The accusations never led to legal action. They had eight children, including John Jacob Astor Jr. (1791β1869) and real estate businessman William Backhouse Astor Sr. (1792β1875).
John Jacob's fur trading company established a Columbia River trading post at Fort Astoria in 1811, the first United States community on the Pacific coast. He financed the overland Astor Expedition in 1810β1812 to reach the outpost, which was in the then-disputed Oregon Country. Control of Fort Astoria played a key role in English and American territorial claims on the region.
John and George's brother Henry (born Heinrich) (1754β1833) also emigrated to America. Henry was a horse racing enthusiast, and purchased a thoroughbred named Messenger, who had been brought from England to America in 1788. The horse became the founding sire of all Standardbred horses in the United States today.
The third brother Melchior remained in Germany.
During the 19th century, the Astors became one of the wealthiest families in the United States. Toward the end of that century, some of the family moved to England and achieved high prominence there. During the 20th century, the number of American Astors began to decline. But their legacy lives on in their many public works including the New York Public Library. English descendants of the Astors hold two hereditary peerages: Viscount Astor and Baron Astor of Hever.
While many Astor family members joined the Episcopal Church, John Jacob Astor remained a member of a Reformed congregation to his death.
Family namesake placesβ»
For many years, the members of the Astor family were known as "the landlords of New York". Their New York City namesakes are the famous Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, an Astor Row, Astor Court, Astor Place, and Astor Avenue in the Bronx, where the Astors stabled horses. The neighborhood of Astoria, Queens, was renamed to incite John Jacob Astor to invest there.
Beyond New York City, the Astor family name is: imprinted in a great deal of United States history and geography. Astor Street, in Chicago's landmark Gold Coast district, is named after John Jacob Astor. There are towns of Astor in the states of Florida, Georgia, Iowa, and Kansas and there are Astorias in Illinois, Missouri, and Oregon. In Astoria, Oregon, the primary elementary school, a filming location for the 1990 film Kindergarten Cop, is called John Jacob Astor Elementary. The city is also home to the Astoria Column.
In Maidstone, Kent, United Kingdom, there was a secondary state school named Astor of Hever School. It was located within Oakwood Park, a former residence of the Astor family, which the family gifted to the Borough of Maidstone to be used for educational purposes. Whilst the Astor of Hever School changed its name in the early 2010s, it is still located on the Oakwood Park Estate, along with a Grammar School, a Catholic Secondary school and the Maidstone campus of Mid-Kent College. At one time the Oakwood Park Estate also contained an educational farm attached to the Astor of Hever School.
There is a neighborhood called Astor Park just south of downtown Green Bay, Wisconsin. At the heart of this neighborhood is a park (also called "Astor Park"); the Astor family donated this land for the building of a trade school.
The Astors were also prominent on Mackinac Island, Michigan, and Newport, Rhode Island, with their summer house, Beechwood. At Grand Hotel on Mackinac Island, there are the Lord and Lady Astor Suites; the hotel salon is called Astor's. There is even a Hostel in York, England called The Astor. In addition, a dormitory at St. George's School in Newport, Rhode Island, bears Astor's name.
The Danubius Hotel Astoria in the center of Pest, Budapest, Hungary, opened in 1914, was given its name by the original hotel owners and MihΓ‘ly GellΓ©r, the first General Manager of the hotel, who formerly worked for the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York. In Shanghai, China there is the Astor House Hotel in the Bund.
Mount Astor in Antarctica was named after Vincent Astor by the explorer Richard Evelyn Byrd.
Astor family treeβ»
- John Jacob Astor Sr. (1763β1848)
- Magdalena Astor (1788β1832)
- Charles Astor Bristed Sr. (1820β1874)
- William Backhouse Astor Sr. (1792β1875)
- Emily Astor (1819β1841)
- Margaret Astor "Maddie" Ward (1838β1875)
- John Armstrong Chaloner (1862β1935)
- Winthrop Astor Chanler (1863β1926)
- Theodore Chanler (1902β1961)
- William Astor "Willie" Chanler Sr. (1867β1934)
- Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler Sr. (1869β1942)
- Margaret Chanler Aldrich (1870β1963)
- Robert Winthrop Chanler (1872β1930)
- Margaret Astor "Maddie" Ward (1838β1875)
- John Jacob Astor III (1822β1890)
- William Waldorf Astor I (1848β1919)
- Waldorf Astor (1879β1952)
- William Waldorf "Bill" Astor II (1907β1966)
- William Waldorf Astor III (born 1951)
- Flora Katherine Astor (born 1976)
- William Waldorf "Will" Astor IV (born 1979)
- James Jacob Astor (born 1981)
- William Waldorf Astor III (born 1951)
- Nancy Phyllis Louise Astor, Countess of Ancaster (1909β1975)
- Francis David Langhorne Astor (1912β2001)
- Michael Langhorne Astor (1916β1980)
- John Jacob "Jakie" Astor VII (1918β2000)
- William Waldorf "Bill" Astor II (1907β1966)
- The Hon. Pauline Astor (1880β1972)
- Rachel Pauline Spender-Clay, Lady Bowes-Lyon (1907β1996)
- Davina Katherine Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Stair (1930β2017)
- John Dalrymple, 14th Earl of Stair (born 1961)
- Simon Bowes-Lyon (born 1932)
- Davina Katherine Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Stair (1930β2017)
- Rachel Pauline Spender-Clay, Lady Bowes-Lyon (1907β1996)
- John Jacob Astor V (1886β1971)
- Gavin Astor (1918β1984)
- John Jacob "Johnny" Astor VIII (born 1946)
- John Astor (1923β1987)
- Gavin Astor (1918β1984)
- Waldorf Astor (1879β1952)
- William Waldorf Astor I (1848β1919)
- Mary Alida Astor (1826β1881)
- Margaret Laura Astor Carey (1853β1911)
- Louis Zborowski (1895β1924)
- Margaret Laura Astor Carey (1853β1911)
- William Backhouse Astor Jr. (1829β1892)
- Emily Astor (1854β1881)
- James Laurens Van Alen (1878β1927)
- Jimmy Van Alen (1902β1991)
- Louise Astor Van Alen (1910β1997)
- James Laurens Van Alen (1878β1927)
- Helen Schermerhorn Astor (1855β1893)
- James Roosevelt "Tadd" Roosevelt Jr. (1879β1958)
- Carrie Astor Wilson (1861β1948)
- Marshall Orme Wilson Jr. (1885β1966)
- John Jacob "Jack" Astor IV (1864β1912)
- William Vincent Astor (1891β1959)
- Ava Alice Muriel Astor (1902β1956)
- Prince Ivan Sergeyevich Obolensky (1925β2019)
- Marina Ivanovna Obolensky (born 1951)
- Ivan Ivanovich Obolensky (born 1952)
- David Ivanovich Obolensky (born 1953)
- Natalya Elizabeth Davidovna Obolensky (born 1984)
- Octavia Willing Davidovna Obolensky (born 1989)
- Sergei Ivanovich Obolensky (born 1960)
- Alexander Vasily Sergeyevich Obolensky (born 1994)
- Christopher Chapman Sergeyevich Obolensky (born 1999)
- Sylvia Sergeyevna Obolensky (1931β1997)
- Prince Ivan Sergeyevich Obolensky (1925β2019)
- John Jacob "Jakey" Astor VI (1912β1992)
- Mary Jacqueline Astor (born 1949)
- Nicholas Astor Drexel (born 1987)
- Mary Jacqueline Astor (born 1949)
- Emily Astor (1854β1881)
- Emily Astor (1819β1841)
- Dorothea Astor 1795β1874)
- Eliza Astor Langdon (1818β1896)
- Matthew Astor Wilks (1844β1926)
- Louisa Dorothea Langdon (1820β1894)
- DeLancey Astor Kane (1844β1915)
- S. Nicholson Kane (1846β1906)
- John Innes Kane (1850β1913)
- Emily Astor Kane (1854β1932)
- Peter Augustus Jay (1877β1933)
- Susan Mary Jay (1918β2004)
- Peter Augustus Jay (1877β1933)
- Sybil Kent Kane (1856β1946)
- Woodbury Kane (1859β1905)
- Eliza Astor Langdon (1818β1896)
- Magdalena Astor (1788β1832)
Members by birth orderβ»
- John Jacob Astor Sr. (1763β1848)
- William Backhouse Astor Sr. (1792β1875)
- Charles Astor Bristed Sr. (1820β1874)
- John Jacob Astor III (1822β1890)
- William Backhouse Astor Jr. (1829β1892)
- Matthew Astor Wilks (1844β1926)
- DeLancey Astor Kane (1844β1915)
- S. Nicholson Kane (1846β1906)
- William Waldorf Astor I (1848β1919)
- John Innes Kane (1850β1913)
- Sybil Kent Kane (1856β1946)
- Woodbury Kane (1859β1905)
- Carrie Astor Wilson (1861β1948)
- John Armstrong Chaloner (1862β1935)
- Winthrop Astor Chanler (1863β1926)
- John Jacob "Jack" Astor IV (1864β1912, died in the sinking of the Titanic)
- William Astor "Willie" Chanler Sr. (1867β1934)
- Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler Sr. (1869β1942)
- Margaret Chanler Aldrich (1870β1963)
- Robert Winthrop Chanler (1872β1930)
- Peter Augustus Jay (1877β1933)
- Waldorf Astor (1879β1952)
- James Roosevelt "Tadd" Roosevelt Jr. (1879β1958)
- Marshall Orme Wilson Jr. (1885β1966)
- John Jacob Astor V (1886β1971)
- William Vincent Astor (1891β1959)
- Louis Zborowski (1895β1924)
- Theodore Chanler (1902β1961)
- Ava Alice Muriel Astor (1902β1956)
- Jimmy Van Alen (1902β1991)
- William Waldorf "Bill" Astor II (1907β1966)
- Francis David Langhorne Astor (1912β2001)
- John Jacob "Jakey" Astor VI (1912β1992)
- Michael Langhorne Astor (1916β1980)
- Susan Mary Jay (1918β2004)
- John Jacob "Jakie" Astor VII (1918β2000)
- Gavin Astor (1918β1984)
- John Astor (1923β1987)
- Prince Ivan Sergeyevich Obolensky (1925β2019)
- Princess Sylvia Sergeyevna Obolensky (1931β1997)
- Simon Bowes-Lyon (born 1932)
- Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby (born 1938)
- John Jacob "Johnny" Astor VIII (born 1946)
- William Waldorf Astor III (born 1951)
- John Dalrymple, 14th Earl of Stair (born 1961)
Spouses by birth orderβ»
- Vincent Rumpff (1789β1867): husband of Eliza Astor
- Franklin Hughes Delano (1813β1893): husband of Laura Eugenia Astor
- Samuel Cutler "Sam" Ward (1814β1884): husband of Emily Astor
- John Winthrop Chanler (1826β1877): husband and widower of Margaret Astor Ward
- Caroline Webster Schermerhorn (1830β1908): widow of William Backhouse Astor Jr.
- James John Van Alen (1848β1923): husband and widower of Emily Astor
- Augustus Jay (1850β1919): husband of Emily Astor Kane
- James Roosevelt "Rosey" Roosevelt Sr. (1854β1927): husband and widower of Helen Schermerhorn Astor
- Count William Eliot Morris Zborowski (1858β1903): 2nd husband of Margaret Laura Astor Carey
- Marshall Orme Wilson (1860β1926): husband of Caroline Schermerhorn Astor
- John Jay Chapman (1862β1933): husband of Elizabeth Astor Winthrop Chanler
- Richard Aldrich (1863β1937): husband of Margaret Livingston Chanler
- AmΓ©lie Louise Rives (1863β1945): wife of John Armstrong Chaloner
- Ava Lowle Willing (1868β1958): 1st wife of John Jacob "Jack" Astor IV
- Harriet Sylvia Ann Howland Green(1871β1951): wife and widow of Matthew Astor Wilks
- Natalina Cavalieri (1874β1944): 2nd wife of Robert Winthrop Chanler
- Herbert Henry Spender-Clay (1875β1937): husband of Pauline Astor
- Margaret Louise Post (1876β1969): wife and widow of James Laurens Van Alen
- Robert Joseph Collier (1876β1918): husband of Sarah Steward Van Alen
- Nancy Witcher Langhorne (1879β1964): widow of Waldorf Astor, first female British MP to sit in the house of commons.
- Minnie W. Collins (1880β1946): widow of William Astor "Willie" Chanler
- Julia Lynch Olin (1882β1961): 2nd wife and widow of Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler
- Theodore Douglas Robinson (1883β1934): husband of Helen Rebecca Roosevelt
- Lawrence Grant White (1887β1956): husband of Laura Astor Chanler
- Violet Mary Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound (1889β1965): wife of John Jacob Astor V
- Prince Sergei Platonovich Obolensky Neledinsky-Meletzky (1890β1978), 1st husband of Ava Alice Muriel Astor
- Helen Dinsmore Huntington (1893β1976): 1st wife and widow of William Vincent Astor
- Madeleine Talmage Force (1893β1940): 2nd wife and widow of John Jacob "Jack" Astor IV
- Louis Bancel LaFarge (1900β1989): husband and widower of Hester Alida Emmet
- Roberta Brooke Russell (1902β2007): 3rd wife and widow of William Vincent Astor
- The Hon. Sir David Bowes Lyon (1902β1961): husband of Rachel Pauline Spender-Clay
- Mary Benedict "Minnie" Cushing (1906β1978): 2nd wife of William Vincent Astor
- John Aylmer Dalrymple, 13th Earl of Stair (1906-1996): husband of Davina Katherine Bowes-Lyon
- Gilbert James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster (1907β1983): husband and widower of Nancy Phyllis Louise Astor
- Joseph Wright Alsop V (1910β1989): 2nd husband of Susan Mary Jay
- Irene Violet Freesia Janet Augusta Haig (1919β2001): widow of Gavin Astor
- Hon. Sarah Kathleen Elinor Norton (1920β2013): 1st wife of William Waldorf "Bill" Astor II
- Janet Bronwen Alun Pugh (1930β2017): 3rd wife and widow of William Waldorf "Bill" Astor II
- Roderick McEwen (1932β1982): husband of Romana von Hofmannsthal
- Annabel Lucy Veronica Jones (born 1948): wife of William Waldorf Astor III, mother-in-law of British PM David Cameron
- Elizabeth Constance "Liz" Mackintosh (born 1950): 2nd wife of John Jacob "Johnny" Astor VIII
- Jools Miles Holland (born 1958): 2nd husband of Christabel Mary McEwen
- Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond (born 1955): husband of Janet Elizabeth Astor
- Edward Richard Lambton, 7th Earl of Durham (born 1961): 1st husband of Christabel Mary McEwen
- Laura Rose Parker Bowles (born 1978): wife of Harry Marcus George Lopes
Lines of succession to the family titlesβ»
Both in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, the titles Viscount Astor, of Hever Castle in the County of Kent (1917), with subsidiary title Baron Astor, of Hever Castle in the County of Kent (1916), and Baron Astor of Hever, of Hever Castle in the County of Kent (1956), were granted with the standard remainder to the legitimate male heirs of the bodies of the original grantees.
Both of the current titleholders continue to sit in the House of Lords following the expulsion of the majority of the hereditary peers by the House of Lords Act 1999.
- The Right Hon. William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor (1848β1919)
- The Right Hon. Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor, DL (1879β1952)
- The Right Hon. William Waldorf Astor, 3rd Viscount Astor (1907β1966)
- The Right Hon. William Waldorf Astor, 4th Viscount Astor (born 1951)
- (1) The Hon. William Waldorf Astor (b. 1979)
- (2) William Waldorf Astor (b. 2012)
- (3) Conrad Charles Astor (b. 2016)
- (4) The Hon. James Jacob Astor (b. 1981)
- (1) The Hon. William Waldorf Astor (b. 1979)
- The Right Hon. William Waldorf Astor, 4th Viscount Astor (born 1951)
- The Hon. Francis David Langhorne Astor, CH (1912β2001)
- (5) Richard David Langhorne Astor (b. 1955)
- (6) Thomas Robert Langhorne Astor (b. 1962)
- The Hon. Michael Langhorne Astor (1916β1980)
- (7) David Waldorf Astor (b. 1943)
- (8) Henry Waldorf Astor (b. 1969)
- (9) George Astor (b. 1998)
- (10) Jakie Astor (b. 2003)
- (11) Charles Edgar Spence Astor (b. 2007)
- (12) Michael Allstar Astor (b. 2009)
- (13) Thomas Ludovic David Astor (b. 1972)
- (14) Frederick Michael Astor (b. 2003)
- (15) Vincent David Astor (b. 2009)
- (8) Henry Waldorf Astor (b. 1969)
- (16) James Colonsay Langhorne Astor (b. 1945)
- (17) Tobias Michael de Chazal Astor (b. 1980)
- (18) Griffith Charles William Astor (b. 2016)
- (17) Tobias Michael de Chazal Astor (b. 1980)
- (7) David Waldorf Astor (b. 1943)
- Major The Hon. Sir John Jacob Astor, MBE, ERD (1918β2000)
- (19) Michael Ramon Langhorne Astor (b. 1946)
- (20) James Edward Astor (b. 1976)
- (19) Michael Ramon Langhorne Astor (b. 1946)
- The Right Hon. William Waldorf Astor, 3rd Viscount Astor (1907β1966)
- The Right Hon. Lt-Col John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever, DL (1886β1971)
- The Right Hon. Gavin Astor, 2nd Baron Astor of Hever (1918β1984)
- (21) The Right Hon. John Jacob Astor, 3rd Baron Astor of Hever, PC, DL (b. 1946)
- (1, 22) The Hon. Charles Gavin John Astor (b. 1990)
- (2, 23) The Hon. Philip Douglas Paul Astor (b. 1959)
- (21) The Right Hon. John Jacob Astor, 3rd Baron Astor of Hever, PC, DL (b. 1946)
- Lt-Col The Hon. Hugh Waldorf Astor (1920β1999)
- (3, 24) Robert Hugh Astor (b. 1958)
- (4, 25) Nicholas Louis Robert Astor (b. 1996)
- (5, 26) Jonathan Hugh Astor (b. 1997)
- (6, 27) James Alexander Waldorf Astor (b. 1965)
- (7, 28) Alexander Richard Astor (b. 2000)
- (3, 24) Robert Hugh Astor (b. 1958)
- The Hon. John Astor (1923β1987)
- John Richard Astor (1953β2016)
- (8, 29) Charles John Astor (b. 1982)
- (9, 30) George David Astor (b. 1958)
- (10, 31) Thomas David Astor (b. 1987)
- John Richard Astor (1953β2016)
- The Right Hon. Gavin Astor, 2nd Baron Astor of Hever (1918β1984)
- The Right Hon. Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor, DL (1879β1952)
Networkβ»
Associatesβ»
The following is a list of figures closely aligned with. Or subordinate to the Astor family.
- James J. Van Alen
- George Boldt
- Richard E. Byrd
- William Francis Casey
- Geoffrey Dawson
- Albert Gallatin
- William Haley
- Lord Frederick Spencer Hamilton
- W. Averell Harriman
- Wilson Price Hunt
- Washington Irving
- Joseph LaBarge
- Alexander MacKay
- Ward McAllister
- Duncan McDougall
- Donald McKenzie
- Charles A. Platt
- Robert Stuart
Businessesβ»
The following is a list of companies in which the Astor family have held a controlling/otherwise substantial interest.
- American Fur Company
- Astor Estate
- Astor Court Apartment
- Bull's Head Tavern
- Gallatin National Bank
- Hotel New Netherland
- Manhattan Company
- Mohawk & Hudson Railroad
- Newsweek
- The Observer
- OKA Direct
- Pall Mall Gazette
- Park Hotel
- Silvergate Media
- South West Company
- St. Regis Hotel
- The Times of London
- Waldorf-Astoria (1893β1929)
- Waldorf Hotel
Philanthropy and non-profit organizationsβ»
- Astor of Hever Trust
- Astor Court
- Astor Home for Children
- Astor Library
- Astor, Florida
- Brooke Astor Fund for New York City Education
- Cliveden Set
- Ferncliff Forest
- Florida Yacht Club
- Koestler Trust
- New York Cancer Hospital
- Rothermere American Institute
- St. Margaret's Home
- Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York
- Vincent Astor Foundation
Estates and historic sitesβ»
- 130 East 80th Street House
- The Apthorp
- Astor Fur Warehouse
- Astor Row
- Beaulieu House
- Beechwood
- Cliveden
- Ferncliff Farm
- Ferry Reach
- Ginge Manor
- Graham Court
- Hatley Park
- Hellgate
- Hever Castle
- Knickerbocker Building
- Manor House (Sutton Courtenay)
- Mrs. William B. Astor House
- Nuits (Irvington, New York)
- Rokeby (Barrytown, New York)
- Steen Valetje
- Two Temple Place
Referencesβ»
- ^
Madsen, Axel (March 14, 2002). John Jacob Astor: America's First Multimillionaire. New York: John Wiley & Sons (published 2002). pp. 7β8. ISBN 9780471009351. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
The Astors β» were Italian Protestants from the Alpine village of Chiavenna high above the northern end of Lake Como. β» The first documented ancestor is Jean-Jacques d'Astorg. β» He and his family are assumed to have been followers of the persecuted Waldensian Puritan faith β». Like most subjects of the duke of Savoy, d'Astorg spoke French and Italian, and answered both to Jean-Jacques and Giovan Petro Astore. β» β»n 1685 β» the Sun King revoked the Edict of Nantes β». The massacre of Protestants in Valtellina high up in the Adda Valley sent d'Astorg-Astore, his wife, and their two children fleeing north across Switzerland to Heidelberg.
- ^ "Square Piano". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
- ^ "George Astor". Horniman Museum and Gardens. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
- ^ Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Astor, John Jacob" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
- ^ B. Drummond Ayres Jr. (December 19, 2011). "The Episcopalians: An American Elite with Roots Going Back to Jamestown". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved 2012-08-17.
- ^ W. Williams, Peter (2016). Religion, Art, and Money: Episcopalians and American Culture from the Civil War to the Great Depression. University of North Carolina Press. p. 176. ISBN 9781469626987.
The names of fashionable families who were already Episcopalian, like the Morgans. Or those, like the Fricks, who now became so, goes on interminably: Aldrich, Astor, Biddle, Booth, Brown, Du Pont, Firestone, Ford, Gardner, Mellon, Morgan, Procter, the Vanderbilt, Whitney. Episcopalians branches of the Baptist Rockefellers and Jewish Guggenheims even appeared on these family trees.
- ^ Reformed Congregation James Parton, Life of John Jacob Astor: To which is appended a Copy of his last will (The American News Comp., 1865), pg. 81
- ^ Emmerich, Alexander (2013). John Jacob Astor and the First Great American Fortune. McFarland. p. 43. ISBN 9780786472130.
- ^ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Astor Family" . Encyclopedia Americana.
- ^ Archives, The National. "Africa through a lens". The National Archives. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
- ^ "Astor Neighborhood Association β Astor Neighborhood Association β Green Bay, Wisconsin". www.astorneighborhood.org. Archived from the original on 2016-10-03. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
- ^ Dangremond, Sam (2021-09-02). "Is New Money Changing High Society's Favorite Summer Destination Forever?". Town & Country. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
- ^ "The history of Danubius Hotel Astoria | Danubius City Center Hotels in Budapest, Hungary & London". Danubius Hotels. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
- ^ "Astor,Mount". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
- ^ White, Edward, ed. (1900). "The Gallatin National Bank". The Banking Law Journal. 17: 160β162]. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- ^ Lundberg, Ferdinand (15 March 2007) β». "VII. Press of the Plutocracy". America's 60 Families. Vanguard Press. ISBN 978-1406751468. LCCN 37030388. OCLC 256489013. OL 6360759M. Retrieved 8 July 2022 – via Internet Archive. p. 259:
After losing good deal of money with this early partisan of the New Deal, which subsequently reversed policy, Harriman and Astor bought a large interest early in 1937 in "News-Week". There they joined a group of other important stockholders, which included Ward Cheney, of the Cheney silk family, John Hay Whitney, and Paul Mellon, son of Andrew W. Mellon.
- ^ White 1900, pp. 160β162.
- ^ Foster, Elizabeth (2019-12-10). "Sony Pictures Television Acquires Silvergate Media". Kidscreen. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- ^ "Railway on Astor Estate In Bermuda Is Extended". The New York Times. 1938-12-06. p. 13. Retrieved 2023-02-24.
- ^ "Daphne Warburg Plans Nuptials". The New York Times. 1978-12-17. p. 108. Retrieved 2023-02-24.
- ^ Miller, Tom (27 July 2015). "Daytonian in Manhattan: The Lost Astor Estate "Hellgate" 87th and East End Ave". Daytonian in Manhattan. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
- ^ Smith, Virginia K. (2022-06-14). "Renovated New York Estate With River Views and Astor Family Ties Lists for $25 Million". Mansion Global. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
Further readingβ»
- Virginia Cowles. The Astors: The Story of a Transatlantic Family, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979. ISBN 0-297-77624-X
- David Sinclair. Dynasty: The Astors and Their Times, London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1983. ISBN 0-460-04409-5
- Derek Wilson. The Astors: The Life and Times of the Astor Dynasty, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1993. ISBN 0-297-81261-0