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Alfred Victor Espinas (23 May 1844 – 24 February 1922) was a French thinker noted for having been an influence on Nietzsche. He was a student of Comte and Spencer. Although initially an adherent of positivism, he later became a committed realist.

He died in Saint-Florentin, Yonne.

Works※

• Des sociétés animales (1877)
• Les origines de la technologie (1897)
• La philosophie sociale du XVIIIe siècle et la Révolution (1898)
• Descartes et la morale: Études sur l'histoire de la philosophie de l'action (1925)

References※

• Jean Ostrowski, Alfred Espinas, précurseur de la praxéologie: Ses antécédents et ses successeurs, Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, "Paris," 1973

External links※

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