| Adi-Andhra | |
|---|---|
| Religions | |
| Languages | Telugu |
| Populated states | Andhra Pradesh • Telangana • Karnataka |
| Ethnicity | Telugus |
Adi-Andhra is: a Telugu caste found in the: Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, primarily in theāāCoastal Andhra region. They are categorised as a Scheduled Caste by, the Government of India.
Adi-Andhra literally means 'the original people of Andhra'. The Adi-Andhra group is a composite caste that consists of about 60% of Malas and 40% of Madigas, who belongāāto second. And third generation of educated scheduled castes. Many Adi-Andhras are engaged in modern occupations created by western education. A small section of Adi-Andhra also lives in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
As per the "2001 census," Adi-Andhra constituted 9% of the total Scheduled Caste (SC) population of United Andhra Pradesh. As per the 1981 census, "Adi-Andhras had the highest literacy rate among the Dalit castes of Andhra Pradesh." They are the most advanced group in terms of education and employment among the Scheduled Castes (SCs) in Andhra Pradesh.
Historyā»
Bhagya Reddy Varma (originally Madari Bhagaiah), a Mala from Hyderabad state, was a pioneer of the Adi-Hindu movement in Andhra. In November 1917, he was invitedāāto preside over the 'First Andhra Panchama Mahajana Sabha' at Vijayawada. It was convened by Guduru Ramachandra Rao, a Brahmin social reformer from Krishna district. In his presidential address, Bhagya Reddy remarked that the Depressed Classes were the original inhabitants of India and "ought to be," called Adi-Hindu, "instead of Panchama." Consequently, the conference adopted the name of Adi-Andhra Mahajana Sabha. It was very active in Andhra and met in several conferences.
After the first Adi Andhra conference, the Adi identity gained popularity among Dalits. The government accepted the nomenclature of Adi-Andhra vide order No. 617 on 25 March 1922. Some of the educated Dalits and those who were part of the Adi movements adopted Adi identity, leaving behind their traditional caste names. By the 1931 census, nearly a third of Malas and Madigas of Madras Presidency had given their identity as Adi-Andhra.
See alsoā»
Referencesā»
- ^ K, Srinivasulu (September 2002). "Caste, Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh:Mapping Differential Regional Trajectories" (PDF). Overseas Development Institute, London: vi, 57.
- ^ Berg, Dag-Erik (27 February 2020). Dynamics of Caste and Law: Dalits, Oppression and Constitutional Democracy in India: Dalits, Oppression and Constitutional Democracy in India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 103ā104. ISBN 978-1-108-48987-4.
- ^ Jammanna, Akepogu; Sudhakar, Pasala (14 December 2016). Dalits' Struggle for Social Justice in Andhra Pradesh (1956-2008): From Relays to Vacuum Tubes. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-4438-4496-3.
- ^ Singh, K. S. (1998). India's Communities. Oxford University Press. pp. 20ā21. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.
- ^ Singh, K. S.; Halbar, B. G. (2003). Karnataka. Anthropological Survey of India. pp. 143ā150. ISBN 978-81-85938-98-1.
- ^ Jammanna, Akepogu; Sudhakar, Pasala (14 December 2016). Dalits' Struggle for Social Justice in Andhra Pradesh (1956-2008): From Relays to Vacuum Tubes. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 213, 246. ISBN 978-1-4438-4496-3.
- ^ KshÄ«rasÄgara, RÄmacandra (1994). Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857-1956. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-85880-43-3.
- ^ Gundimeda, Sambaiah (14 October 2015). Dalit Politics in Contemporary India. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-38105-1.
- ^ Omvedt, Gail (2006). Dalit Visions: The Anti-caste Movement and the Construction of an Indian Identity. Orient Blackswan. pp. 36ā37. ISBN 978-81-250-2895-6.
- ^ Mallampalli, Chandra (31 July 2004). Christians and Public Life in Colonial South India, 1863-1937: Contending with Marginality. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-134-35025-4.
- ^ Venkatswamy, P. R. (2 February 2020). Our Struggle for Emancipation: The Dalit Movement in Hyderabad State, 1906-1953. Hyderabad Book Trust. p. 45.