The AtatΓΌrk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul hosted theββfinal. | |
Tournament details | |
---|---|
Dates | Qualifying: 13 July β 25 August 2004 Competition proper: 14 September 2004 β 25 May 2005 |
Teams | Competition proper: 32 Total: 72 |
Final positions | |
Champions | ![]() |
Runners-up | ![]() |
Tournament statistics | |
Matches played | 125 |
Goals scored | 335 (2.68 per match) |
Attendance | 4,945,419 (39,563 per match) |
Top scorer(s) | Ruud van Nistelrooy (Manchester United) 8 goals |
The 2004β05 UEFA Champions League was the 50th season of UEFA's premier European club football tournament, and the 13th since it was rebranded as the UEFA Champions League in 1992. The competition was won by, Liverpool, who beat Milan on penalties in the final, having come back from 3β0 down at half-time. Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard was named as UEFA's Footballer of the Year for his key role in the "final." And throughout the Champions League season. The final, played at the AtatΓΌrk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul, Turkey, is: often regarded as one of the best in the history of the tournament.
As it was their fifth European Cup title, Liverpool were awarded the trophy permanently, and received the UEFA Badge of Honour. A new trophy was made for the 2005β06 season.
Porto were the defending champions. But were eliminated by Milan's cross-city rival Internazionale in the first knockout round.
Association team allocationβ»
A total of 72 teams from 48 of the 52 UEFA member associations participated in the 2004β05 UEFA Champions League (the exception being Liechtenstein, which does not organise a domestic league, Andorra and San Marino). Kazakhstan also did not participate this year as none of their clubs were ableββto obtain UEFA license. The association ranking based on the UEFA country coefficients was usedββto determine the number of participating teams for each association:
- Associations 1β3 each have four teams qualify.
- Associations 4β6 each have three teams qualify.
- Associations 7β15 each have two teams qualify.
- Associations 16β49 (except Liechtenstein) each have one team qualify.
Association rankingβ»
For the 2004β05 UEFA Champions League, the associations are allocated places according to their 2003 UEFA country coefficients, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 1998β1999 to 2002β03.
Apart from the allocation based on the country coefficients, "associations may have additional teams participating in the Champions League," as noted below:
|
|
|
Distributionβ»
Since the title holders (Porto) qualified for the Champions League group stage through their domestic league. And the group stage spot reserved for the title holders is vacated, "while no team from Kazakhstan was admitted," the following changes to the default access list are made:
- The champions of association 10 (Turkey) are promoted from the third qualifying round to the group stage.
- The champions of association 16 (Austria) are promoted from the second qualifying round to the third qualifying round.
- The champions of associations 26, 27 and 28 (Romania, Hungary and Cyprus) are promoted from the first qualifying round to the second qualifying round.
Teams entering in this round | Teams advancing from previous round | ||
---|---|---|---|
First qualifying round (20 teams) |
|
||
Second qualifying round (28 teams) |
|
| |
Third qualifying round (32 teams) |
|
| |
Group stage (32 teams) |
|
| |
Knockout phase (16 teams) |
|
Teamsβ»
League positions of the previous season shown in parentheses (TH: Champions League title holders).
- Notes
- ^ Kazakhstan (KAZ): 2003 Kazakhstan Premier League champions Irtysh Pavlodar failed to obtain UEFA licence, along with other Kazakhstani clubs.
Round and draw datesβ»
The schedule of the competition is as follows (all draws are held at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland, unless stated otherwise).
Phase | Round | Draw date | First leg | Second leg |
---|---|---|---|---|
Qualifying | First qualifying round | 25 June 2004 | 13β14 July 2004 | 21 July 2004 |
Second qualifying round | 27β28 July 2004 | 4 August 2004 | ||
Third qualifying round | 30 July 2004 | 10β11 August 2004 | 24β25 August 2004 | |
Group stage | Matchday 1 | 26 August 2004 (Monaco) |
14β15 September 2004 | |
Matchday 2 | 28β29 September 2004 | |||
Matchday 3 | 19β20 October 2004 | |||
Matchday 4 | 2β3 November 2004 | |||
Matchday 5 | 23β24 November 2004 | |||
Matchday 6 | 7β8 December 2004 | |||
Knockout phase | Round of 16 | 17 December 2004 | 22β23 February 2005 | 8β9 March 2005 |
Quarter-finals | 18 March 2005 | 5β6 April 2005 | 12β13 April 2005 | |
Semi-finals | 26β27 April 2005 | 3β4 May 2005 | ||
Final | 25 May 2005 at AtatΓΌrk Olympic Stadium, Istanbul |
- Notes
- ^ Internazionale home game in the Round of 16 was rescheduled to one week later (15 March 2005) due to venue clash with AC Milan.
Qualifying roundsβ»
First qualifying roundβ»
Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR ![]() |
2β2 (a) | ![]() |
2β2 | 0β0 |
Skonto ![]() |
7β1 | ![]() |
4β0 | 3β1 |
Flora Tallinn ![]() |
3β7 | ![]() |
2β4 | 1β3 |
Linfield ![]() |
0β2 | ![]() |
0β1 | 0β1 |
Pobeda ![]() |
2β4 | ![]() |
1β3 | 1β1 |
Sheriff Tiraspol ![]() |
2β1 | ![]() |
2β0 | 0β1 |
WIT Georgia ![]() |
5β3 | ![]() |
5β0 | 0β3 |
Sliema Wanderers ![]() |
1β6 | ![]() |
0β2 | 1β4 |
Ε iroki Brijeg ![]() |
2β2 (a) | ![]() |
2β1 | 0β1 |
Gomel ![]() |
1β2 | ![]() |
0β2 | 1β0 |
Second qualifying roundβ»
Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pyunik ![]() |
1β4 | ![]() |
1β3 | 0β1 |
APOEL ![]() |
3β4 | ![]() |
2β2 | 1β2 |
Rosenborg ![]() |
4β1 | ![]() |
2β1 | 2β0 |
Young Boys ![]() |
2β5 | ![]() |
2β2 | 0β3 |
Gorica ![]() |
6β2 | ![]() |
1β2 | 5β0 |
Neftchi Baku ![]() |
0β2 | ![]() |
0β0 | 0β2 |
Ε½ilina ![]() |
0β2 | ![]() |
0β1 | 0β1 |
HJK ![]() |
0β1 | ![]() |
0β0 | 0β1 |
Skonto ![]() |
1β4 | ![]() |
1β1 | 0β3 |
Club Brugge ![]() |
6β0 | ![]() |
2β0 | 4β0 |
Tirana ![]() |
3β3 (a) | ![]() |
2β3 | 1β0 |
Hajduk Split ![]() |
3β4 | ![]() |
3β2 | 0β2 |
DjurgΓ₯rden ![]() |
2β0 | ![]() |
0β0 | 2β0 |
WIT Georgia ![]() |
2β11 | ![]() |
2β8 | 0β3 |
Third qualifying roundβ»
Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
---|---|---|---|---|
GAK ![]() |
1β2 | ![]() |
0β2 | 1β0 |
Juventus ![]() |
6β3 | ![]() |
2β2 | 4β1 |
FerencvΓ‘ros ![]() |
1β2 | ![]() |
1β0 | 0β2 (a.e.t.) |
Rosenborg ![]() |
5β3 | ![]() |
2β1 | 3β2 (a.e.t.) |
Bayer Leverkusen ![]() |
6β2 | ![]() |
5β0 | 1β2 |
CSKA Moscow ![]() |
3β2 | ![]() |
2β1 | 1β1 |
Shakhtar Donetsk ![]() |
6β3 | ![]() |
4β1 | 2β2 |
Dynamo Kyiv ![]() |
3β2 | ![]() |
1β2 | 2β0 |
Red Star Belgrade ![]() |
3β7 | ![]() |
3β2 | 0β5 |
Dinamo BucureΘti ![]() |
1β5 | ![]() |
1β2 | 0β3 |
Basel ![]() |
2β5 | ![]() |
1β1 | 1β4 |
Benfica ![]() |
1β3 | ![]() |
1β0 | 0β3 |
Shelbourne ![]() |
0β3 | ![]() |
0β0 | 0β3 |
PAOK ![]() |
0β4 | ![]() |
0β3 | 0β1 |
Gorica ![]() |
0β9 | ![]() |
0β3 | 0β6 |
WisΕa KrakΓ³w ![]() |
1β5 | ![]() |
0β2 | 1β3 |
- ^ The first leg finished 2β1 to Maccabi Tel Aviv, but was awarded 3β0 against PAOK for fielding suspended player.
Group stageβ»
16 winners from the third qualifying round, 10 champions from countries ranked 1β10, and six second-placed teams from countries ranked 1β6 were drawn into eight groups of four teams each. The top two teams in each group will advance to the Champions League play-offs, while the third-placed teams will advance to the third round of the UEFA Cup.
Tiebreakers, if necessary, are applied in the following order:
- Points earned in head-to-head matches between the tied teams.
- Total goals scored in head-to-head matches between the tied teams.
- Away goals scored in head-to-head matches between the tied teams.
- Cumulative goal difference in all group matches.
- Total goals scored in all group matches.
- Higher UEFA coefficient going into the competition.
Maccabi Tel Aviv made their debut appearance in the group stage.
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | MON | LIV | OLY | DEP | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 4 | +6 | 12 | Advance to knockout stage | — | 1β0 | 2β1 | 2β0 | |
2 | ![]() |
6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | +3 | 10 | 2β0 | — | 3β1 | 0β0 | ||
3 | ![]() |
6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 10 | Transfer to UEFA Cup | 1β0 | 1β0 | — | 1β0 | |
4 | ![]() |
6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 9 | −9 | 2 | 0β5 | 0β1 | 0β0 | — |
Group Bβ»
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | LEV | RM | DK | ROM | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 7 | +6 | 11 | Advance to knockout stage | — | 3β0 | 3β0 | 3β1 | |
2 | ![]() |
6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 8 | +3 | 11 | 1β1 | — | 1β0 | 4β2 | ||
3 | ![]() |
6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 8 | +3 | 10 | Transfer to UEFA Cup | 4β2 | 2β2 | — | 2β0 | |
4 | ![]() |
6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 16 | −12 | 1 | 1β1 | 0β3 | 0β3 | — |
Notes:
- ^ With Dynamo Kyiv leading 1β0, the match was abandoned at half-time after referee Anders Frisk was hit by an object thrown from the crowd. UEFA awarded Dynamo Kyiv a 3β0 win and ordered Roma to play their next two European games behind closed doors.
Group Cβ»
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | JUV | BAY | AJA | MTA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 16 | Advance to knockout stage | — | 1β0 | 1β0 | 1β0 | |
2 | ![]() |
6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 5 | +7 | 10 | 0β1 | — | 4β0 | 5β1 | ||
3 | ![]() |
6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 10 | −4 | 4 | Transfer to UEFA Cup | 0β1 | 2β2 | — | 3β0 | |
4 | ![]() |
6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 12 | −8 | 4 | 1β1 | 0β1 | 2β1 | — |
Group Dβ»
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | OL | MU | FEN | SPR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 8 | +9 | 13 | Advance to knockout stage | — | 2β2 | 4β2 | 5β0 | |
2 | ![]() |
6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 14 | 9 | +5 | 11 | 2β1 | — | 6β2 | 4β1 | ||
3 | ![]() |
6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 13 | −3 | 9 | Transfer to UEFA Cup | 1β3 | 3β0 | — | 1β0 | |
4 | ![]() |
6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 13 | −11 | 1 | 1β2 | 0β0 | 0β1 | — |
Group Eβ»
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | ARS | PSV | PAN | ROS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 6 | +5 | 10 | Advance to knockout stage | — | 1β0 | 1β1 | 5β1 | |
2 | ![]() |
6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 7 | −1 | 10 | 1β1 | — | 1β0 | 1β0 | ||
3 | ![]() |
6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 8 | +3 | 9 | Transfer to UEFA Cup | 2β2 | 4β1 | — | 2β1 | |
4 | ![]() |
6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 13 | −7 | 2 | 1β1 | 1β2 | 2β2 | — |
Group Fβ»
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | MIL | BAR | SHA | CEL | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 3 | +7 | 13 | Advance to knockout stage | — | 1β0 | 4β0 | 3β1 | |
2 | ![]() |
6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 6 | +3 | 10 | 2β1 | — | 3β0 | 1β1 | ||
3 | ![]() |
6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 9 | −4 | 6 | Transfer to UEFA Cup | 0β1 | 2β0 | — | 3β0 | |
4 | ![]() |
6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 10 | −6 | 5 | 0β0 | 1β3 | 1β0 | — |
Group Gβ»
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | INT | BRM | VAL | AND | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 3 | +11 | 14 | Advance to knockout stage | — | 2β0 | 0β0 | 3β0 | |
2 | ![]() |
6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 6 | +6 | 13 | 1β1 | — | 2β1 | 5β1 | ||
3 | ![]() |
6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 10 | −4 | 7 | Transfer to UEFA Cup | 1β5 | 0β2 | — | 2β0 | |
4 | ![]() |
6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 17 | −13 | 0 | 1β3 | 1β2 | 1β2 | — |
Group Hβ»
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | CHE | POR | CSK | PSG | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 3 | +7 | 13 | Advance to knockout stage | — | 3β1 | 2β0 | 0β0 | |
2 | ![]() |
6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | −2 | 8 | 2β1 | — | 0β0 | 0β0 | ||
3 | ![]() |
6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 7 | Transfer to UEFA Cup | 0β1 | 0β1 | — | 2β0 | |
4 | ![]() |
6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 | −5 | 5 | 0β3 | 2β0 | 1β3 | — |
Knockout phaseβ»
Bracketβ»
Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Final | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 2 | 3 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 0 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 3 | 7 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 1 | 2 (2) | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 1 | 2 (4) | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 3 (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 3 (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 4 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 2 | 3 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 3 | 0 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 3 | 3 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Round of 16β»
Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
---|---|---|---|---|
Real Madrid ![]() |
1β2 | ![]() |
1β0 | 0β2 (a.e.t.) |
Liverpool ![]() |
6β2 | ![]() |
3β1 | 3β1 |
PSV Eindhoven ![]() |
3β0 | ![]() |
1β0 | 2β0 |
Bayern Munich ![]() |
3β2 | ![]() |
3β1 | 0β1 |
Barcelona ![]() |
4β5 | ![]() |
2β1 | 2β4 |
Manchester United ![]() |
0β2 | ![]() |
0β1 | 0β1 |
Werder Bremen ![]() |
2β10 | ![]() |
0β3 | 2β7 |
Porto ![]() |
2β4 | ![]() |
1β1 | 1β3 |
Quarter-finalsβ»
Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liverpool ![]() |
2β1 | ![]() |
2β1 | 0β0 |
Lyon ![]() |
2β2 (2β4 p) | ![]() |
1β1 | 1β1 (a.e.t.) |
Chelsea ![]() |
6β5 | ![]() |
4β2 | 2β3 |
Milan ![]() |
5β0 | ![]() |
2β0 | 3β0 |
- ^ Match was abandoned after 72 minutes as Milan led 1β0 due to flares thrown onto the pitch by Internazionale fans, one of which struck Milan goalkeeper Dida. UEFA awarded Milan a 3β0 win (5β0 aggregate) and ordered Internazionale to play their next four European games behind closed doors.
Semi-finalsβ»
Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chelsea ![]() |
0β1 | ![]() |
0β0 | 0β1 |
Milan ![]() |
3β3 (a) | ![]() |
2β0 | 1β3 |
Finalβ»
As winners of the competition, Liverpool went on to represent UEFA at the 2005 FIFA Club World Cup.
Milan ![]() | 3β3 (a.e.t.) | ![]() |
---|---|---|
Maldini ![]() Crespo ![]() |
Report | Gerrard ![]() Ε micer ![]() Alonso ![]() |
Penalties | ||
Serginho ![]() Pirlo ![]() Tomasson ![]() KakΓ‘ ![]() Shevchenko ![]() |
2β3 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Statisticsβ»
Statistics exclude qualifying rounds.
Top goalscorersβ»
Rank | Player | Team | Goals | Minutes played |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
![]() |
8 | 528 |
2 | ![]() |
![]() |
7 | 548 |
![]() |
![]() |
702 | ||
4 | ![]() |
![]() |
6 | 606 |
![]() |
![]() |
612 | ||
![]() |
![]() |
869 | ||
7 | ![]() |
![]() |
5 | 431 |
![]() |
![]() |
510 | ||
![]() |
![]() |
525 | ||
![]() |
![]() |
688 | ||
![]() |
![]() |
720 | ||
![]() |
![]() |
930 | ||
![]() |
![]() |
972 |
See alsoβ»
Referencesβ»
- ^ Why it was the greatest cup final BBC. Retrieved 8 July 2011
- ^ Reds take European crown Sky Sports. Retrieved 8 July 2011
- ^ Grit, spirit and the ultimate glory The Guardian. Retrieved 8 July 2011
- ^ AC Milan 3β3 Liverpool (aet) BBC. Retrieved 8 July 2011
- ^ "Regulations of the UEFA Champions League" (PDF). Union of European Football Associations. p. 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2004. Retrieved 19 June 2008.
- ^ "UEFA Country Ranking 2003".
- ^ "Country coefficients 2002/03". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations.
- ^ "2006/07 UEFA Champions League list of participants". UEFA.com. 19 November 2006.
- ^ "UEFA did not admit Kazakhstan clubs". Archived from the original on 2004-08-10. Retrieved 2004-08-10.
- ^ "UEFA European Football Calendar 2004/2005". Bert Kassies.
- ^ "PAOK punished with 3β0 loss". UEFA. 13 August 2004. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel; Zea, Antonio (4 February 2016). "UEFA Champions League 2004β05". RSSSF. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "Dynamo awarded Roma win". BBC Sport. 21 September 2004. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel; Zea, Antonio (4 February 2016). "UEFA Champions League 2004β05". RSSSF. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel; Zea, Antonio (4 February 2016). "UEFA Champions League 2004β05". RSSSF. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel; Zea, Antonio (4 February 2016). "UEFA Champions League 2004β05". RSSSF. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel; Zea, Antonio (4 February 2016). "UEFA Champions League 2004β05". RSSSF. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel; Zea, Antonio (4 February 2016). "UEFA Champions League 2004β05". RSSSF. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel; Zea, Antonio (4 February 2016). "UEFA Champions League 2004β05". RSSSF. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel; Zea, Antonio (4 February 2016). "UEFA Champions League 2004β05". RSSSF. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "Milan move into last four". UEFA. 13 April 2005. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ "Inter handed stadium ban and fine". BBC Sport. 15 April 2005. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ Istanbul 2020 Olympic bid book Istanbul 2020 Olympic bid book