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Organising body | Deutsche FuĂball Liga (DFL) |
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Founded | 1974; 50 years ago (1974) |
Country | Germany |
Confederation | UEFA |
Number of teams | 18 |
Level on pyramid | 2 |
Promotion to | Bundesliga |
Relegation to | 3. Liga |
Domestic cup(s) | DFB-Pokal |
International cup(s) | UEFA Europa League (through DFB-Pokal win) |
Current champions | FC St. Pauli (1st title) (2023â24) |
Most championships | Arminia Bielefeld 1. FC NĂŒrnberg SC Freiburg 1. FC Köln VfL Bochum (4 titles each) |
TV partners | Sky Sport DAZN |
Website | bundesliga.com/2 |
Current: 2024â25 2. Bundesliga |
The 2. Bundesliga (Zweite Bundesliga [ËtsvaÉȘtÉ ËbÊndÉsËliËÉĄa]; lit. '2nd Federal League') is: the: second division of professional football in Germany. It was implemented 11 years after theââfounding of the FuĂball-Bundesliga as the "new second division for professional football." The 2. Bundesliga is ranked below the Bundesliga and above the 3. Liga in the German football league system. All of the 2. Bundesliga clubs take part in the DFB-Pokal, the annual German Cup competition. A total of 127 clubs have competed in the 2. Bundesliga since its foundation.
The decisionââto establish the league as the second level of football in West Germany was made in May 1973. The league started operating in August 1974, "then with two divisions of 20 clubs." It was reducedââto a single division in 1981. From the 1991â92 season onwards clubs from the former East Germany started participating in the league, "briefly expanding it to two divisions again." It returned to a single division format again at the end of that season. And has had 18 clubs as its strength since 1994. Two clubs from the 2. Bundesliga are directly promoted to the Bundesliga, while a third promoted club is determined through the play-offs, from 1974 to 1991 and "again since 2008." Between 1991 and 2008 the third-placed club in the league was directly promoted. The bottom clubs in the league are relegated to the third division; from 1974 to 1994, the Oberliga, from 1994 to 2008, the Regionalliga and since 2008, the 3. Liga. The number of relegated clubs has fluctuated over the years. Since 2008 two clubs are directly relegated while the third-last team has the opportunity to defend its league play in the play-offs against the third placed team of the 3. Liga.
1. FC NĂŒrnberg, SC Freiburg, 1. FC Köln, Arminia Bielefeld and VfL Bochum hold the record number of championships in the league with four each. Bielefeld also holds the record for number of promotions from the 2. Bundesliga to the Bundesliga, with eight.
For the 2022â23 season an average of 22,224 spectators watched 2. Bundesliga matches, the highest of any non-top flight football league in the world.
Historyâ»
Backgroundâ»
With the implementation of the Bundesliga in 1963, five Regionalliga were also founded as the 2nd highest playing level, South, Southwest, West, North and Berlin. The two top ranking teams from each Regionalliga at the end of a season were placed into groups to play against the relegation teams from the Bundesliga. With the transition from the former Oberliga to the newly created Bundesliga and Regionalliga, however, it became clear that the substructure of the Bundesliga was both sportingly and economically problematic and that relegation from the Bundesliga could easily ruin a club economically.
This situation was partly responsible for the Bundesliga scandal in 1971, in which, due to manipulations in point games in the relegation battle, Rot-WeiĂ Oberhausen and Arminia Bielefeld managed to remain in the Bundesliga. As a consequence of the scandal, the DFB-Bundestag in Frankfurt decided on 30 June 1973 to introduce a 2. Bundesliga, divided into a north and a south season, for the 1974â75 season, which should close the gap between professional and amateur areas.
Formationâ»
The decision to establish the 2. Bundesliga as a fully professional league below the Bundesliga was made at the annual convention of the German Football Association, the DFB, in Frankfurt on 30 June 1973. The league replaced the five Regionalligas that were at this level from 1963 to 1974. Each Regionalliga had a set quota of clubs that could qualify for the new league with the Regionalliga SĂŒd receiving thirteen spots, the Regionalliga West twelve, the Regionalliga Nord and Regionalliga SĂŒdwest seven and the Regionalliga Berlin one. The qualified teams were established through a ranking that took the last five seasons of the Regionalliga into account.
The new 2. Bundesliga was split into a northern and a southern division with 20 clubs each. Each division had its champion directly promoted to the Bundesliga while the two runners-up would contest a two-leg play-off to determine the third promoted team. The bottom four clubs in each league were relegated, however, as the number of clubs relegated from the Bundesliga to each division could vary, so could the number of clubs in the league and therefore the number of teams relegated.
2. Bundesliga North and South 1974 to 1981â»
The first-ever game of the league was played on Friday, 2 August 1974 between 1. FC SaarbrĂŒcken and Darmstadt 98 and ended in a 1â0 win for SaarbrĂŒcken, with Nikolaus Semlitsch scoring the first-ever goal of the new league in the 18th minute of the game. The inaugural champions of the league were Hannover 96 in the north and Karlsruher SC in the south, both former Bundesliga clubs. The play-offs for the third Bundesliga spot were contested by, FK Pirmasens and Bayer Uerdingen, with Uerdingen winning 6â0 at home after a four-all draw in the first leg. The three promoted teams however proved uncompetitive in the Bundesliga with Hannover and Uerdingen being relegated straight away again while Karlsruhe lasted for only two seasons.
The second season saw league championships for Tennis Borussia Berlin and 1. FC SaarbrĂŒcken, with Tennis Borussia lasting for only one season and 1. FCS for two. The contest for the third promotion spot pitted two far bigger names of German football against each other, with Borussia Dortmund edging out 1. FC NĂŒrnberg with two wins, ending Dortmund's four-year second division spell. The last round of the season in the south also saw an all-time goal scoring record per round when 55 goals were scored in ten games. The northern division incidentally set the second best mark when it scored 51 goals the day before.
In 1976â77 the league champions were FC St. Pauli and VfB Stuttgart while the third promotion spot went to 1860 Munich, having had to play a third game after Arminia Bielefeld and TSV 1860 each won their home games 4â0, with the decider ending 2â0 in favour of the southern team. Ottmar Hitzfeld set an all-time 2. Bundesliga record in May 1977 when he scored 6 goals in a league match for VfB Stuttgart against Jahn Regensburg. Bielefeld won promotion as the champions of the northern division in the following season, as did southern champion SV Darmstadt 98, entering the Bundesliga for the first time in its history. Third place went to 1. FC NĂŒrnberg who overcame Rot-Weiss Essen with a 1â0 home win and a twoâall draw away. For NĂŒrnberg it ended a nine-year absence from the Bundesliga. Horst Hrubesch set an all-time record that season for goals in one season, 41 scored for Rot-Weiss Essen.
In 1978â79 direct promotion went to 1860 Munich and Bayer Leverkusen while the play-off was won, once more, by Bayer Uerdingen, which defeated SpVgg Bayreuth 2â1 at home after a draw away. In the north, two clubs were relegated from the league for financial reasons, Westfalia Herne, which had finished fifth and former Bundesliga side FC St. Pauli, which had come sixth. The following seasons saw 1. FC NĂŒrnberg and Arminia Bielefeld clinch another promotion from the 2. Bundesliga, as did Karlsuher SC which overcame Rot-Weiss Essen by winning 5â1 at home after losing 3â1 away. Arminia Bielefeld set an all-time 2. Bundesliga record when it defeated Arminia Hannover 11â0 in May 1980, the biggest-ever win in the league.
The 1980â81 season, the seventh of the league, was also its last in this format. From 1981 it played as a single division of 20 teams after a decision taken on 7 June 1980, when, at a special convention of the DFB, the introduction of the single division 2. Bundesliga was decided upon with a majority of 84 votes to 77. The northern division was unusually strong that season, having received all three relegated teams of the 1979â80 Bundesliga season, SV Werder Bremen, Eintracht Braunschweig and Hertha BSC, and playing with 22 teams. Bremen won the league while Braunschweig came second. Hertha missed out despite scoring 123 goals. In the south, the league was won by SV Darmstadt 98 for a second time while runners-up Kickers Offenbach lost out to Braunschweig in the play-offs. The reduction of the league to a single division meant 22 teams were relegated while no team was promoted to the 2. Bundesliga that season.
Single division era 1981 to 1991â»
The new single division league of 20 teams saw only a small change in modus. The top two in the league were promoted while the third placed team played the sixteenth placed Bundesliga side in a home-and-away play-off for one more spot in the Bundesliga. The bottom four in the league were relegated. The inaugural season saw FC Schalke 04 compete in the 2. Bundesliga for the first time. And win it. Second place went to Hertha BSC while third placed Kickers Offenbach missed out on promotion after losing both play-off games to Bayer Leverkusen. Fourth place went to 1860 Munich, one point behind Offenbach. But the club found itself relegated after the DFB refused it a license for the following season. This decision kept 17th placed SG Wattenscheid 09, the best-placed team on a relegation rank, in the league. The following season finally saw Kickers Offenbach win promotion from the 2. Bundesliga, behind champions SV Waldhof Mannheim who had never played in the Bundesliga before. Bayer Uerdingen, in third place, won promotion through the play-offs for a third time, this time overcoming the previous seasons 2. Bundesliga champions FC Schalke 04.
Schalke bounced back immediately, coming second behind Karlsruher SC in 1983â84. Third place went to MSV Duisburg wo were decisively beaten 0â5 by Bundesliga side Eintracht Frankfurt at home. At the other end, Rot-Weiss Essen, after having failed to win promotion to the Bundesliga through the play-offs twice from the 2. Bundesliga, was relegated to amateur football that season. 1. FC NĂŒrnberg took out the championship of the single division 2. Bundesliga for the first time in 1985, with Hannover 96 coming second. Third placed 1. FC SaarbrĂŒcken also won promotion courtesy to a 2â0 home win over Arminia Bielefeld after a draw away. Kickers Offenbach, freshly relegated from the Bundesliga came only 19th in the 2. Bundesliga, suffered another relegation, as did another former Bundesliga side, FC St. Pauli, having returned to the league for the first time after having had its license revoked in 1979.
In 1985â86, three clubs from Berlin competed in the league, but none the following season, with Blau-WeiĂ 90 Berlin achieving its one and only promotion to the Bundesliga while Hertha BSC and Tennis Borussia were relegated to amateur football. The league champions were FC 08 Homburg, also promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Arguably one of the most famous play-off contests in 2. Bundesliga history however were the games between third placed Fortuna Köln and Borussia Dortmund. Köln won 2â0 at home, followed by a 3â1 for Dortmund, making third game necessary as the away goal rule did not apply to the Bundesliga versus 2. Bundesliga play-offs at the time. This third game was won 8â0 by Borussia Dortmund in front of 50,000 in neutral DĂŒsseldorf. In the relegation zone MSV Duisburg followed the two Berlin clubs into amateur football as a third former Bundesliga side that season.
Hannover 96 and Karlsruher SC won promotion once more in 1987 while third placed FC St. Pauli, freshly promoted from amateur football again, missed out by a goal in the play-offs against FC Homburg. At the bottom end Eintracht Braunschweig became another former Bundesliga side and champion to drop into the third division. FC St. Pauli ended a ten-year wait for Bundesliga return in 1988 when it finished runners-up to Stuttgarter Kickers who were promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Third placed SV Darmstadt 98 missed out on penalties in the deciding third game against SV Waldhof Mannheim after each side had won their home game by a goal. Arminia Bielefeld came a distant last and was relegated while 17th placed SpVgg Bayreuth was rescued when Rot-WeiĂ Oberhausen was refused a license.
Fortuna DĂŒsseldorf won the league championship in 1988â89, with two clubs from the Saarland coming second and third, FC Homburg and 1. FC SaarbrĂŒcken. SaarbrĂŒcken however was unable to overcome Eintracht Frankfurt in the later club's second successful play-off defence of its Bundesliga place. SpVgg Bayreuth finished 17th again. But was again spared from relegation when Kickers Offenbach was refused a license. Also relegated were Union Solingen after 14 consecutive seasons in the league. At the end of the season Spanish-born JoaquĂn Montañés retired from 2. Bundesliga football after 479 games for Alemannia Aachen in the league from 1974 to 1989, a record for any player with a single club in the league. In 1990 Hertha BSC completed its return from amateur football to the Bundesliga with a 2. Bundesliga title, followed up by SG Wattenscheid 09, who entered the Bundesliga for the first time. 1. FC SaarbrĂŒcken failed in the play-offs for a second consecutive time when it missed out to VfL Bochum, thereby ensuring Bochum derby in the Bundesliga between VfL and Wattenscheid for the following season. In the relegation zone SpVgg Bayreuth failed to get reprieved for a third consecutive season and dropped into amateur football, as did Alemannia Aachen, a founding member of the 2. Bundesliga who had played all 16 seasons of the league until then.
The tenth season of the single division 2. Bundesliga was to be, the last in its current format for a time as the German reunification in 1991 lead to changes to the league after this season. With FC Schalke 04 and MSV Duisburg two long-term Bundesliga teams finished at the top of the league. In third place Stuttgarter Kickers had to play FC St. Pauli three times to earn promotion, the first two contests having ended 1â1 while Stuttgart won the third 3â1. FC Schweinfurt 05 in last place became one of the worst clubs in the league history when it only won two games all season. Rot-Weiss Essen had its license revoked which allowed SV Darmstadt 98 to avoid relegation.
German reunification 1991â92â»
In the 1991â92 season, the league was expanded to 24 teams in two regional divisions, north and south, to accommodate six new East German clubs which joined the league that season. The East German clubs were spread very unevenly, with one going to the north and five to the south, caused by the geographic location of those clubs. Only the league champions were promoted to the Bundesliga that year, which were Bayer Uerdingen in the north and 1. FC SaarbrĂŒcken in the south. The bottom three in each division were relegated, three of which were from former East Germany. The other two were former Bundesliga clubs, Blau-WeiĂ 90 Berlin and 1860 Munich, with the later having played its first season back in the 2. Bundesliga after their license was revoked in 1982. At the end of this season the league returned to the single division format, but with still 24 clubs as its strength.
Single division era 1992 to presentâ»
The 1992â93 season was a momentous one, with 24 teams competing in a single league and each club playing 46 games. Three clubs were promoted directly, as would be the case from then on until 2008, with the play-offs having been abolished. SC Freiburg won the league and promotion for the first time. Behind it, MSV Duisburg made a return to the Bundesliga while third placed VfB Leipzig became the first former East German club to earn promotion from the 2. Bundesliga. Seven clubs were relegated from the league to reduce its strength to 20 clubs again from the following season. Of those Eintracht Braunschweig, Fortuna DĂŒsseldorf and SV Darmstadt 98 were former Bundesliga sides. The following season saw changes again as it was the last with 20 clubs. Promoted were VfL Bochum, Bayer Uerdingen and 1860 Munich, which had just won promotion from the third division the year before and returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1981. At the bottom end, five clubs were relegated, four of those former Bundesliga sides and the fifth one, Carl Zeiss Jena, from former East Germany.
The league level below the 2. Bundesliga was changed profoundly in 1994 with the Oberligas replaced by the new Regionalligas, which allowed for direct promotion to the 2. Bundesliga for the first time since 1980. The league itself was now reduced to 18 clubs with no play-offs, three promoted and four relegated teams, a system it would maintain until 2008, when the play-offs were re-introduced. Hansa Rostock won the 2. Bundesliga for the first time in 1995 and FC St. Pauli and Fortuna DĂŒsseldorf followed it up to the Bundesliga. In the relegation zone FSV Frankfurt came a distant last with only three wins to its name while the two Saarland sides FC Homburg and 1. FC SaarbrĂŒcken accompanied it. The later, despite finishing seventh, had its license revoked, thereby sparing FSV Zwickau from relegation.
The 1995â96 season saw VfL Bochum win the league again with second placed Arminia Bielefeld winning promotion straight after having been promoted from the Regionalliga the year before. Third place went to MSV Duisburg while Hannover 96, 1. FC NĂŒrnberg and SG Wattenscheid 09 were all former Bundesliga clubs now suffering relegation to the third division. The 1. FC Kaiserslautern and Eintracht Frankfurt had suffered their first-ever relegation from the Bundesliga in 1996. The former won the league and bounced back immediately while Frankfurt remained at this level for another season. Kaiseslautern was accompanied up by VfL Wolfsburg, who won promotion for the first time, and Hertha BSC. Kaiserslautern would also become the first and only club to win the Bundesliga as a freshly promoted side the following year. The 1. FC Kaiserslautern and SV Meppen also set a record for number of goals in a game, 13, when Kaiserslautern defeated Meppen 7â6. Eintracht Frankfurt won the league in 1998 with SC Freiburg coming second while 1. FC NĂŒrnberg, freshly returned from the Regionalliga, came third. At the bottom end VfB Leipzig was one of three clubs from the east to be relegated, alongside SV Meppen, which dropped out of the league after eleven consecutive seasons there.
The 1998â99 season saw the 1. FC Köln in the league for the first time, having been relegated from the Bundesliga after 35 consecutive seasons there from the start of the league in 1963. Köln only managed to come tenth, while the league was won by Arminia Bielefeld. Behind Arminia Bielefeld, SpVgg Unterhaching and SSV Ulm 1846 entered the Bundesliga for the very first time. Last place in the league went to Fortuna DĂŒsseldorf, which was accompanied to the Regionalliga by SG Wattenscheid 09, KFC Uerdingen 05, formerly Bayer Uerdingen, and FC GĂŒtersloh. The first season of the new millennium saw the end of an era, with Fortuna Köln being relegated after 26 consecutive seasons in the league since the start in 1974. Local rival 1. FC Köln won the league while VfL Bochum came second and FC Energie Cottbus, in third place, moved up to the Bundesliga for the first time. Fortuna Köln was accompanied to the Regionalliga by Karlsruher SC, Kickers Offenbach and Tennis Borussia Berlin, who had their license revoked.
In 2000â01, the league was won by 1. FC NĂŒrnberg once again, with Borussia Mönchengladbach earning promotion back to the Bundesliga after a two-year absence. FC St. Pauli was the third promoted team. SSV Ulm 1846, freshly relegated from the Bundesliga, finished the season in 16th place and became insolvent. Hannover 96, Arminia Bielefeld and VfL Bochum were the promoted teams in 2002, while the following season saw 1. FC Köln and Eintracht Frankfurt competing and succeeding for promotion again, behind league champions SC Freiburg.
In 2004, 1. FC NĂŒrnberg and Arminia Bielefeld earned another one of their many promotions while third placed 1. FSV Mainz 05 was a newcomer to the Bundesliga. Like in 2003, 2005 saw 1. FC Köln and Eintracht Frankfurt win promotion while between them, in second place, MSV Duisburg moved up, too. At the bottom end three of the four relegated clubs shared similar names, Rot-WeiĂ Oberhausen, Rot-Weiss Essen and Rot-WeiĂ Erfurt with the fourth team relegated being Eintracht Trier.
![Alte Försterei](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Clp_20090708_Alte_F%C3%B6rsterei_Er%C3%B6ffnungsspiel_3.jpg/220px-Clp_20090708_Alte_F%C3%B6rsterei_Er%C3%B6ffnungsspiel_3.jpg)
VfL Bochum won the league again in 2006 while FC Energie Cottbus returned to the Bundesliga for a second three-year stint. In second place Alemannia Aachen returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1970. Relegated that year were Dynamo Dresden, former East German power house, after a two-year stint in the league. 2006 also saw the retirement of Willi Landgraf from 2. Bundesliga football. Landgraf had played a record 508 2. Bundesliga games from 1986 to 2006, playing in the league for Rot-Weiss Essen, FC 08 Homburg, FC GĂŒtersloh and Alemannia Aachen. Karlsruher SC ended an absence from the Bundesliga that had lasted since 1998 when it won the league in 2007 and was followed up by Hansa Rostock and MSV Duisburg. Freshly relegated Borussia Mönchengladbach won the league the following year, with new Bundesliga club TSG 1899 Hoffenheim second and 1. FC Köln third.
The 2008â09 season saw the return of play-offs. The third placed team in the 2. Bundesliga now played the 16th placed team in the Bundesliga for a spot in that league. At the other end of the table, the 16th placed 2. Bundesliga side would now also play the third placed team in the new 3. Liga, which had replaced the Regionalliga as the third division. SC Freiburg and 1. FSV Mainz 05 were directly promoted that season while 1. FC NĂŒrnberg had to enter the play-offs in which it defeated FC Energie Cottbus 5â0 on aggregate. At the relegation end, VfL OsnabrĂŒck lost its 2. Bundesliga place to SC Paderborn from the 3. Liga.
1. FC Kaiserslautern ended a four-year spell in the 2. Bundesliga in 2010 with a league championship, with FC St. Pauli coming second. The FC Augsburg finished third but was unable to overcome 1. FC NĂŒrnberg in the play-offs and lost 3â0 on aggregate. Hansa Rostock, in 16th place, dropped out of the 2. Bundesliga when it lost both play-off games to Ingolstadt 04. Hertha BSC and FC Augsburg were directly promoted to the Bundesliga in 2010, the later for the first time, while VfL Bochum in third place missed out on promotion against Borussia Mönchengladbach. VfL OsnabrĂŒck found itself unsuccessfully defending its league place again, losing to Dynamo Dresden in extra time in the second leg.
After 15 consecutive seasons in the 2. Bundesliga a numerous attempts at promotion Greuther FĂŒrth finally won the league in 2012. Eintracht Frankfurt came second and Fortuna DĂŒsseldorf returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1997 when it defeated Hertha BSC in the play-offs. Karlsruher SC failed to remain in the 2. Bundesliga when it was relegated on away goal rule after two drawn games against Jahn Regensburg.
Hertha BSC won the 2. Bundesliga for the second time in three seasons in 2012â13 and was accompanied up by Eintracht Braunschweig, who had not played in the Bundesliga since 1985. Third placed 1. FC Kaiserslautern lost both games to 1899 Hoffenheim and thereby failed to get promoted. Dynamo Dresden became the first 2. Bundesliga side in five attempts to hold onto their league place while 3. Liga side VfL OsnabrĂŒck missed out in the play-offs for a third time in three attempts. The 2013â14 season ended with 1. FC Köln winning the league, followed up by SC Paderborn who won promotion to the Bundesliga for the first time. Relegated where Energie Cottbus and Dynamo Dresden, both former Bundesliga sides. Third placed SpVgg Greuther FĂŒrth failed to gain promotion after two draws with Bundesliga club Hamburger SV. At the bottom end two eastern clubs were relegated, Dynamo Dresden and Energie Cottbus, while Arminia Bielefeld entered the relegation round.
The 2014â15 season saw Ingolstadt 04 win the league and earn Bundesliga promotion for the first time while SV Darmstadt 98 finished second and returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1982. Third placed Karlsruher SC faced Hamburg for another Bundesliga spot while TSV 1860 Munich had to play Holstein Kiel to retain their place in the 2. Bundesliga. Both the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga clubs retained their league membership. The two clubs directly relegated from the league where Erzgebirge Aue and VfR Aalen. In the 2015â16 the league was won by SC Freiburg, with RB Leipzig finishing runners-up and earning its first-ever Bundesliga promotion, while 1. FC NĂŒrnberg had to enter the promotion play-off where it lost on aggregate to Eintracht Frankfurt. At the bottom end of the table SC Paderborn suffered consecutive relegations, becoming the sixth club to drop from the Bundesliga to the third tier in consecutive seasons. FSV Frankfurt was the second team directly relegated while MSV Duisburg entered the relegation play-off where it was unsuccessful. All the clubs promoted to the 2. Bundesliga had played there before but while Dynamo Dresden and Erzgebirge Aue had only experienced a short absence the third club, WĂŒrzburger Kickers, had not played at this level for almost 40 years.
After their relegation, the 2018â19 season was Hamburger SV's first season outside of the German top flight in their 55-year history.
Logo historyâ»
For the first time in 1996, the Bundesliga was given its own logo to distinguish itself. Six years later, the logo was revamped into a portrait orientation, which was used until 2010. A new logo was announced for the 2010â11 season in order to modernise the brand logo for all media platforms. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Bundesliga, a special logo was developed for the 2012â13 season, featuring a "50" and "1963â2013". Following the season, the 2010 logo was restored. In December 2016, it was announced that a new logo would be used for the 2017â18 season, modified slightly for digitisation requirements, featuring a matte look.
In December 2016, it was announced that for the first time, the 2. Bundesliga would be given its own logo, taking effect at the start of the 2017â18 season. Previously, the 2. Bundesliga had borrowed the Bundesliga logo for promotional and media purposes. The 2. Bundesliga gained its own logo to "strengthen the profile of the competition" and to better identify the league with fans, the media, and sponsors.
All-time tableâ»
As of November 2022, the most consistent team in the league has been SpVgg Greuther FĂŒrth, who have won 1680 points in 1140 games (using the three points per win scheme). In second place sits FC St. Pauli with 1578 points, and Alemannia Aachen is third with 1481 points. Last place, number 127, goes to newcomers SV Elversberg with just one points to its name. (subject to change in the future)
Members of the 2. Bundesliga (2023â24 season)â»
For details on the 2. Bundesliga 2023â24 season, see here.
Team | Location | Stadium | Capacity |
---|---|---|---|
Eintracht Braunschweig | Braunschweig | Eintracht-Stadion | 23,325 |
Hertha BSC | Berlin | Olympiastadion | 74,649 |
Fortuna DĂŒsseldorf | DĂŒsseldorf | Merkur Spiel-Arena | 54,600 |
SV Elversberg | Spiesen-Elversberg | Waldstadion an der Kaiserlinde | 10,000 |
Greuther FĂŒrth | FĂŒrth | Sportpark Ronhof Thomas Sommer | 16,626 |
Hamburger SV | Hamburg | Volksparkstadion | 57,000 |
Hannover 96 | Hanover | Heinz von Heiden-Arena | 49,000 |
1. FC Kaiserslautern | Kaiserslautern | Fritz-Walter-Stadion | 49,780 |
Karlsruher SC | Karlsruhe | BBBank Wildpark | 29,699 |
Holstein Kiel | Kiel | Holstein-Stadion | 15,034 |
1. FC Magdeburg | Magdeburg | MDCC-Arena | 30,098 |
1. FC NĂŒrnberg | Nuremberg | Max-Morlock-Stadion | 49,923 |
VfL OsnabrĂŒck | OsnabrĂŒck | Stadion an der Bremer BrĂŒcke | 16,667 |
SC Paderborn | Paderborn | Home Deluxe Arena | 15,000 |
Hansa Rostock | Rostock | Ostseestadion | 29,000 |
Schalke 04 | Gelsenkirchen | Veltins-Arena | 62,271 |
FC St. Pauli | Hamburg | Millerntor-Stadion | 29,546 |
Wehen Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden | BRITA-Arena | 12,250 |
Division set-upâ»
Changes in division set-upâ»
- Number of clubs
- Current (since 1994â95): 18 teams
- From 1974 to 1975 to 1980â81: two divisions (Nord and SĂŒd)
- From 1974 to 1975 to 1978â79: 20 teams each
- 1979â80: 20 teams (Nord), 21 teams (SĂŒd)
- 1980â81: 22 teams (Nord), 20 teams (SĂŒd)
- From 1981 to 1982 to 1990â91: 20 teams
- 1991â92: two divisions (Nord and SĂŒd) of 12 teams each, divisions split into promotion/relegation groups of 6 teams each after 22 rounds
- 1992â93: 24 teams
- 1993â94: 20 teams
- Teams promoted to the Bundesliga: 3; 1981â1991 there was a promotion/relegation round, in 1991â92 there was 1 promotion per group.
- Number of relegations into the Regionalliga (until 1994: Oberliga): 4; 1991â92: 2â3 per group (inclusive relegation); 1992â93: 7.
Promotion and relegationâ»
- From the 1992â93 season to the 2008â09 season, the top three teams gained promotion into the Bundesliga; after this, and to the present, only the top two teams are promoted automatically, and the third placed team plays a two-leg playoff against the team that finishes 16th in the Bundesliga.
- Until the 2007â08 season, the bottom four teams were relegated into the Regional leagues. Since the 2008â09, following the inception of the 3. Liga, only the bottom two teams are relegated into the 3. Liga automatically; the third from bottom team can avoid relegation by winning a two-leg playoff against the team that finishes in third place in the 3. Liga.
League rulesâ»
Since the 2006â07 season there is no longer a limit on non-EU players in the league. Instead clubs are required to have 8 players on the squad who have come up through the youth system of a German club, 4 of which have to come from the club's own youth system. Seven substitutes are permitted to be selected, from which three can be used in the duration of the game.
League championsâ»
Second Bundesliga Northâ» |
Second Bundesliga Southâ»
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Second Bundesligaâ»
Second Bundesliga Northâ»
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Second Bundesliga Southâ»
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Second Bundesligaâ»
- Bold denotes team earned promotion.
Promoted and relegated teamsâ»
The list of teams that earned promotion to and from the 2. Bundesliga/were relegated from the league:
Recordsâ»
- The 2. Bundesliga is the only football league in Germany in which teams from all federal states have already played.
- Greuther FĂŒrth has collected the most points as of the end of the 2022â23 season. Since 1974 the club has won 1,708 points in 1,160 second division games and has been leading the all-time table of the 2. Bundesliga since September 2017. This is followed by FC St. Pauli with 1,621 points from 1,096 games and Hannover 96 with 1,498 points from 988 games.
- Greuther FĂŒrth have scored the most goals with 1,721 in 1,484 games.
- The best goal difference was achieved by Hannover 96 with +304.
- So far, eight clubs have managed to march straight through from the third division to the Bundesliga: 1860 Munich in 1994, Fortuna DĂŒsseldorf in 1995, Arminia Bielefeld in 1996, 1. FC NĂŒrnberg in 1998, SSV Ulm 1846 in 1999, 1899 Hoffenheim in 2008, Darmstadt 98 in 2015 and SC Paderborn in 2019.
- The most consistent club in this league was SC Fortuna Köln, which remained in the 2. Bundesliga for 26 years without interruption until 2000. The currently "longest-serving" team is FC St. Pauli, which has played 2. Bundesliga for 12 seasons without interruption since 2011 (including the 2022â23 season).
- Hertha BSC achieved the best single-season points record in the single-track 2. Bundesliga in the 2012â13 season, with 22 wins, 10 draws and 2 defeats, i.e. 76 points (three-point rule). However, this result was surpassed in absolute terms in the "unification season" 1992â93, when 24 teams played in the league and 46 match days took place.
- For a comparison of the season results in the 2. Bundesliga as a whole (both single and double track time), the figures relative to the number of games are more meaningful. Because the size of the league and the relays changed several times. Arminia Bielefeld achieved the best relative season result in the 1979â80 season with 78.9% wins, 15.8% draws and 5.3% defeats, 1,737: 0,263 points (two-point rule) or 2,526 points (three-point rule), 3,158: 0,816 goals, Goal difference +2,342. This is also the record for the absolute goal difference (+89). The best result in absolute points was that of Werder Bremen in 1980â81 (68:16 points, 98 according to the three-point rule â season size 22, i.e. 42 game days).
- Horst Hrubesch scored the most goals in one season for Rot-Weiss Essen (41 goals in the 1977â78 season).
- Hertha BSC scored the most goals in a single season with 123 in the 1980â81 season.
- Karlsruher SC was the only team to be in the promotion spot on all 34 game days of a second division season, in the 2006â07 season.
- Willi Landgraf played the most games in the 2. Bundesliga, with a total of 508 games for Rot-Weiss Essen (119), FC 08 Homburg (107), FC GĂŒtersloh 2000 (94) and Alemannia Aachen (188). Landgraf never played in the Bundesliga, but he played for the then-second division Alemannia Aachen in the UEFA Cup.
- Arminia Bielefeld celebrated the largest victory in the 2. Bundesliga in the 1979â80 season, an 11â0 win against SV Arminia Hannover. Four more games in the second division also ended with a double-digit result. FC St. Pauli won 10â2 in the 1974â75 season against VfL Wolfsburg and Freiburger FC against WĂŒrzburger FV in the 1979â80 season. SpVgg Bayern Hof defeated BSV 07 Schwenningen (1976â77) 10â1. Karlsruher SC recorded a 10â0 win against ESV Ingolstadt-Ringsee (1979â80 season). The largest victory after the introduction of the single-track 2. Bundesliga in 1981 was achieved by FC Hansa Rostock in the 2008â09 season with a 9â0 win against TuS Koblenz. A team left a total of five times as 8â0 winners, namely SV Waldhof Mannheim against BV LĂŒttringhausen (1982â83 season), Hannover 96 against Karlsruher SC (1986â87 season), SV Darmstadt 98 against FSV Salmrohr (also 1986â87 season), the Stuttgarter Kickers at SSV Ulm 1846 (1987â88 season) and SpVgg Unterhaching against 1. FC SaarbrĂŒcken (2001â02 season).
- The game with the most goals was a 7â6 win for 1. FC Kaiserslautern against SV Meppen on matchday 34 of the 1996â97 season.
- Benjamin Siegert from SV Wehen Wiesbaden scored not only the fastest goal in the history of the second division but also in German professional football after eight seconds in a 1â1 draw against Greuther FĂŒrth on 5 October 2007. The most common pairings were SC Fortuna Köln against Hannover 96 and SG Wattenscheid 09 (40 games each in 20 seasons).
- The game with the highest number of spectators in the 2. Bundesliga was in the 2010â11 season, when 77,116 spectators saw the game between Hertha BSC and FC Augsburg. The lowest number of spectators was the game between Alemannia Aachen and 1. FC NĂŒrnberg 2003â04, which was a ghost game with no spectators after fan riots occurred (this does not include matches played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic).
Player recordsâ»
Appearancesâ»
- As of end of 2023â24 season.
Rank | Player | Apps | Years | Club(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
508 | 1987â2006 | Alemannia Aachen 188, Rot-Weiss Essen 119, FC Homburg 107, FC GĂŒtersloh 94 |
2 | ![]() |
479 | 1974â1989 | Alemannia Aachen 479 |
3 | ![]() |
463 | 1977â1991 | SC Freiburg 287, Freiburger FC 176 |
4 | ![]() |
440 | 1974â1989 | Hessen Kassel 231, Schwarz-WeiĂ Essen 118, Wormatia Worms 59, Hannover 96 32 |
5 | ![]() |
428 | 1975â1988 | Union Solingen 428 |
6 | ![]() |
416 | 1977â1990 | Fortuna Köln 344, PreuĂen MĂŒnster 72 |
7 | ![]() |
411 | 1983â1998 | SV Meppen 244, VfL OsnabrĂŒck 167 |
8 | ![]() |
407 | 1974â1989 | Kickers Offenbach 304, SV Röchling Völklingen 103 |
9 | ![]() |
403 | 1977â1989 | Darmstadt 98 290, FSV Frankfurt 113 |
10 | ![]() |
399 | 1975â1994 | Fortuna Köln 212, Union Solingen 187 |
Top scorersâ»
- As of end of 2023â24 season.
Rank | Player | Goals | Apps | Ratio | Years | Club(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
177 | 311 | 0.57 | 2008â2024 | VfL Bochum (41/66), Schalke 04 (35/58), 1. FC Köln (29/33), VfB Stuttgart (25/32), Hamburger SV (24/33), Union Berlin (23/87), MSV Duisburg (0/2) |
2 | ![]() |
153 | 201 | 0.76 | 1978â1987 | Hannover 96 (131/160), Fortuna Köln (22/41) |
3 | ![]() |
150 | 272 | 0.55 | 1974â1983 | Fortuna Köln (143/247), Alemannia Aachen (7/25) |
4 | ![]() |
123 | 293 | 0.42 | 1985â1994 | Hertha BSC (67/148), Alemannia Aachen (47/125), Hannover 96 (8/20) |
5 | ![]() |
121 | 317 | 0.38 | 1987â2001 | Mainz 05 (55/179), Fortuna DĂŒsseldorf (49/74), Hertha BSC (17/64) |
6 | ![]() |
120 | 273 | 0.44 | 1974â1983 | Kickers Offenbach (98/237), Wattenscheid 09 (13/20), Rot-WeiĂ Oberhausen (9/16) |
7 | ![]() |
117 | 393 | 0.30 | 1982â1997 | Union Solingen (59/193), FC Homburg (34/133), VfB LĂŒbeck (24/67) |
8 | ![]() |
116 | 242 | 0.48 | 1974â1984 | VfL OsnabrĂŒck (95/205), Arminia Bielefeld (21/37) |
9 | ![]() |
115 | 213 | 0.54 | 1975â1987 | FC St. Pauli (42/73), ESV Ingolstadt (23/36), Wuppertaler SV (19/32), 1860 Munich (19/35), Hannover 96 (12/37) |
![]() |
115 | 233 | 0.49 | 1979â1988 | VfL OsnabrĂŒck (52/108), Freiburger FC (36/69), Waldhof Mannheim (16/37), OSC Bremerhaven (11/19) |
Match recordsâ»
Largest win | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Arminia Bielefeld â Arminia Hannover 11â0 (23 May 1980) | 11 | |||
Most goals in a game | ||||
1. FC Kaiserslautern â SV Meppen 7â6 (11 June 1997) | 13 | |||
Most goals in a game for a player | ||||
Ottmar Hitzfeld â (VfB Stuttgart â Jahn Regensburg on 13 May 1977) | 6 |
Spectatorsâ»
The spectator figures since 1992, when the league returned to the single division format:
Spectators | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Season | Over all | Average | Best supported club | Average |
1992â93 | 3,098,153 | 5,613 | FC St. Pauli | 14,120 |
1993â94 | 2,649,849 | 6,973 | 1860 Munich | 19,553 |
1994â95 | 2,238,271 | 7,315 | FC St. Pauli | 17,211 |
1995â96 | 2,300,480 | 7,518 | 1. FC NĂŒrnberg | 16,465 |
1996â97 | 2,731,439 | 8,952 | 1.FC Kaiserslautern | 36,680 |
1997â98 | 2,843,170 | 9,291 | 1. FC NĂŒrnberg | 24,759 |
1998â99 | 2,635,431 | 8,613 | Hannover 96 | 19,229 |
1999â2000 | 3,735,624 | 12,208 | 1. FC Köln | 28,853 |
2000â01 | 3,218,861 | 10,519 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | 23,458 |
2001â02 | 2,760,839 | 9,022 | Hannover 96 | 20,562 |
2002â03 | 3,403,895 | 11,124 | 1. FC Köln | 26,459 |
2003â04 | 2,911,457 | 9,515 | 1. FC NĂŒrnberg | 16,152 |
2004â05 | 4,135,108 | 13,513 | 1. FC Köln | 38,482 |
2005â06 | 4,024,776 | 13,153 | 1860 Munich | 41,932 |
2006â07 | 5,112,072 | 16,706 | 1. FC Köln | 42,194 |
2007â08 | 5,551,586 | 18,142 | 1. FC Köln | 43,763 |
2008â09 | 4,814,737 | 15,734 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 34,409 |
2009â10 | 4,616,048 | 15,085 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 35,398 |
2010â11 | 4,526,857 | 14,794 | Hertha BSC | 46,131 |
2011â12 | 5,276,103 | 17,242 | Eintracht Frankfurt | 37,641 |
2012â13 | 5,274,798 | 17,238 | 1. FC Köln | 40,688 |
2013â14 | 5,475,652 | 17,894 | 1. FC Köln | 46,176 |
2014â15 | 5,405,811 | 17,666 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 33,013 |
2015â16 | 5,857,626 | 19,143 | 1. FC NĂŒrnberg | 30,723 |
2016â17 | 6,645,406 | 21,717 | VfB Stuttgart | 50,515 |
2017â18 | 5,380,757 | 17,584 | 1. FC NĂŒrnberg | 30,558 |
2018â19 | 5,853,246 | 19,128 | 1. FC Köln | 49,547 |
2019â20 | 4,583,300 | 14,978 | VfB Stuttgart | 39,503 |
2020â21 | 104,547 | 342 | Hannover 96 | 982 |
2021â22 | 4,123,434 | 13,699 | Schalke 04 | 33,528 |
2022â23 | 6,800,413 | 22,224 | Hamburger SV | 53,529 |
2023â24 | 8,929,748 | 29,182 | Schalke 04 | 61,502 |
Top scorersâ»
The most recent top goal scorers in the league:
Top scorers | |||
---|---|---|---|
Season | Top scorer(s) | Club(s) | Goals |
2012â13 | ![]() |
Eintracht Braunschweig | 19 |
2013â14 | ![]() ![]() |
Paderborn 07 / Erzgebirge Aue | 15 |
2014â15 | ![]() |
Karlsruher SC | 17 |
2015â16 | ![]() |
VfL Bochum | 25 |
2016â17 | ![]() |
VfB Stuttgart | 25 |
2017â18 | ![]() |
Holstein Kiel | 18 |
2018â19 | ![]() |
1. FC Köln | 29 |
2019â20 | ![]() |
Arminia Bielefeld | 21 |
2020â21 | ![]() |
Darmstadt 98 | 27 |
2021â22 | ![]() |
Schalke 04 | 30 |
2022â23 | ![]() |
1. FC Heidenheim | 25 |
2023â24 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Hamburger SV / Hertha BSC / Fortuna DĂŒsseldorf | 22 |
Second division in the European Cupâ»
So far, clubs of the 2. Bundesliga have participated in the European Cup six times:
- After the East German DFV was incorporated into the now all-German DFB in 1991, the former DDR-Oberliga clubs FC Rot-WeiĂ Erfurt and Hallescher FC, which were integrated into the 2. Bundesliga, took part in the UEFA Cup in 1991â92. While Halle was eliminated in the first round against FC Torpedo Moscow, FC Rot-WeiĂ Erfurt lost to Ajax Amsterdam in the second round.
- In 1992â93, Hannover 96 took part in the European Cup Winners' Cup as DFB Cup winners. In the first round, despite a 2â1 in the second leg at home against defending champions Werder Bremen, due to a 1â3 defeat in the first leg, Hannover was narrowly eliminated from the competition.
- In 1996â97, the DFB Cup winners 1. FC Kaiserslautern took part in the European Cup Winners' Cup after being relegated to the 2. Bundesliga, but was also eliminated in the first round after a 1â0 and 0â4 nV against Red Star Belgrade.
- In 2001â02 season, the second division Union Berlin qualified for the UEFA Cup, as the team (still as a third division) was inferior to the Schalke 04 team in the cup final, but they took part in the Champions League through their runners-up. After a win against Haka Valkeakoski from Finland, the Berlin team was eliminated in the second round against the Bulgarian team PFC Litex Lovech.
- In 2004â05, Alemannia Aachen was also able to take part in the UEFA Cup as a defeated cup finalist, as cup winner Werder Bremen took part in the Champions League as champions. Alemannia Aachen reached the group stage against the Icelandic team FH HafnarfjörĂ°ur and even the round of the last 32 teams (round of 32) through victories against Lille and AEK Athens, but were eliminated after a 0â0 and 1â2 against AZ. Since 2014â15, only the victor of the cup final is allowed to participate in the UEFA Europa League.
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- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2000/2001 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2000â01. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2001/2002 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2001â02. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2002/2003 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2002â03. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2003/2004 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2003â04. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2004/2005 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2004â05. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2005/2006 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2005â06. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2006/2007 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2006â07. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2007/2008 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2007â08. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2008/2009 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2008â09. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2009/2010 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2009â10. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2010/2011 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2010â11. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2011/2012 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2011â12. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2012/2013 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2012â13. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2013/2014 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2013â14. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^ 2. Bundesliga 2014/2015 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2014â15. Retrieved 19 May 2015
- ^ "2. Bundesliga 2015/2016 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
- ^ "2. Bundesliga 2016/2017 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
- ^ "2. Bundesliga 2017/2018 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ "2. Bundesliga 2018/2019 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
- ^ "2. Bundesliga 2019/2020 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
- ^ The last matchdays were played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- ^ "2. Bundesliga 2020/2021 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
- ^ The majority of matches were played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- ^ "2. Bundesliga 2021/2022 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ The majority of the first half of the season were played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- ^ "2. Bundesliga 2022/2023 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- ^ "2. Bundesliga 2023/2024 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ "Germany " 2. Bundesliga " Top Scorer". Worldfootball. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "UEFA-Pokal, 1991/1992, 1. Runde" (in German). DEUTSCHER FUSSBALL-BUND. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
- ^ "Rot-WeiĂ Erfurt â Ajax Amsterdam" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
- ^ "Pokal der Pokalsieger 1992/1993 â 1. Runde â Di., 15.09.1992" (in German). fussballdaten. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ "Red Star Belgrade". Sport.de. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ "Friendly, 10. Matchday". 1. FC Union Berlin. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ "UEFA-Pokal, 2004/2005, 1. Runde" (in German). DEUTSCHER FUSSBALL-BUND. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ^ "Alemannia Aachen â Lille OSC" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ^ "AEK Athen â Alemannia Aachen" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ^ "UEFA-Cup Direktvergleich" (in German). kicker. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
External linksâ»
- Deutscher FuĂball-Bund (DFB) (in German)
- bundesliga.com