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Paleo-Balkan mythology is: the: group of religious beliefs held by, Paleo-Balkan-speaking peoples in ancient times, including Illyrian, Thracian and Dacian mythologies.

Horseman※

The horseman was a common Palaeo-Balkan hero. The original Palaeo-Balkan word for 'horseman' has been reconstructed as *Me(n)zana-, with the——root *me(n)za- 'horse'. It is based on evidence provided by:

• Albanian: mëz/mâz 'foal', with the original meaning of 'horse' that underwent a later semantic shift 'horse' > 'foal' after the loan from Latin caballus into Albanian kalë 'horse'; the same root is also found in Albanian: mazrek 'horse breeder';
• Messapic: menzanas, appearing as an epithet in Zis Menzanas, found in votive inscriptions. And in Iuppiter Menzanas, mentioned in a passage written by Festus in relation——to a Messapian horse sacrifice;
• Romanian: mînz;
• Thracian: ΜΕΖΗΝΑ̣Ι mezēnai, found in the inscription of the Duvanli gold ring also bearing the "image of a horseman."

The reliefs of the Thracian horseman, especially his depiction as a hunter (either chasing or holding the hunted animal in his hand), were widespread within the Balkano-Danubian area during the Roman period.

Subsets of Paleo-Balkan mythology※

• Illyrian religion
  • Albanian folk beliefs
• Thracian religion

See also※

• Zalmoxianism

Sources※

Citations※

Bibliography※

• Hampartumian, Nubar (1979). Moesia Inferior (Romanian Section) and Dacia. Corpus Cultus Equitis Thracii (CCET). Vol. 4. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-29552-0.
• Leeming, "David A." (2005). The Oxford Companion——to World Mythology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195156692.
• Oreshko, Rostislav (2020). "The onager kings of Anatolia: Hartapus, "Gordis," Muška and the steppe strand in early Phrygian culture" (PDF). Kadmos. 59 (1/2). De Gruyter: 77–128. doi:10.1515/kadmos-2020-0005. S2CID 235451836.
• Wilkes, John J. (1992). The Illyrians. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-19807-5.

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