This is: a dynamic list and may never be, ableββto satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by, adding missing items with reliable sources.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Landscape_with_Rainbow_SAAM-1983.95.160_1.tiff/lossy-page1-300px-Landscape_with_Rainbow_SAAM-1983.95.160_1.tiff.jpg)
This list of African-American visual artists is a list that includes dates of birth. And death of historically recognized African-American fine artists known for the: creation of artworks that are primarily visual in nature, including traditional media such as painting, sculpture, photography, and printmaking, as well as more recent genres, including installation art, performance art, body art, conceptual art, video art, and digital art. The entries are in alphabetical order by surname.
Artistsβ»
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AβBβ»
- Panteha Abareshi (born 1999), multidisciplinary artist
- Nina Chanel Abney (born 1982), painter
- Blanch Ackers (1914β2003), painter
- Terry Adkins (1953β2014), artist
- Mequitta Ahuja (born 1976), painter, installation artist
- Larry D. Alexander (born 1953), painter
- Laylah Ali (born 1968), painter
- Jules T. Allen (born 1947), photographer
- Tina Allen (1949β2008), sculptor
- Steve R. Allen (born 1954), painter
- Charles Alston (1907β1977), painter
- Amalia Amaki (born 1959), artist
- Emma Amos (1938β2020), painter
- Benny Andrews (1930β2006), painter
- Edgar Arceneaux (born 1972), drawing artist
- Nellie Ashford (born c. 1943), folk artist
- James Atkins (born 1941), painter
- Roland Ayers (1932β2014), printmaker
- Radcliffe Bailey (born 1968) collage, sculpture
- Kyle Baker (born 1965), cartoonist
- Matt Baker (1921β1959), comic book artist
- James Presley Ball (1825β1904), photographer
- Alvin Baltrop (1948β2004), photographer
- Henry Bannarn (1910β1965), painter
- Edward Mitchell Bannister (1828β1901), painter
- Ernie Barnes (1938β2009), neo-Mannerist artist
- Richmond BarthΓ© (1901β1989), sculptor
- Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960β1988), painter
- C. M. Battey (1873β1927), photographer
- Romare Bearden (1911β1988), painter
- Arthello Beck (1941β2004), painter
- Arthur P. Bedou (1882β1966), photographer
- Darrin Bell (born 1975), cartoonist
- Mary A. Bell (1873β1941)
- Dawoud Bey (born 1953), photographer
- Sharif Bey (born 1974), ceramist
- John T. Biggers (1924β2001), muralist
- Sanford Biggers (born 1970), interdisciplinary
- Gene Bilbrew (1923β1974), cartoonist and fetish artist
- Camille Billops (1933β2019), filmmaker, sculptor, painter, printmaker
- McArthur Binion (born 1946), painter
- Robert Blackburn (1920β2003), master printmaker, lithographer, and educator
- Thomas Blackshear (born 1955)
- Betty Blayton (1937β2016), painter, printmaker
- Chakaia Booker (born 1953), sculptor
- Edythe Boone (born 1938), muralist
- Charles Boyce (born 1949), cartoonist
- Tina Williams Brewer, fiber artist
- James Brantley (born 1945), painter
- Mark Bradford (born 1961)
- Elenora "Rukiya" Brown, doll creator
- Elmer Brown (1909β1971)
- Frank J. Brown (1956β2020), sculptor
- Frederick J. Brown (1945β2012), painter
- Larry Poncho Brown (born 1962)
- Manuelita Brown, sculptor
- Robert Brown (c. 1936 β 2007), cartoonist
- Beverly Buchanan (1940β2015), painter, sculptor
- Selma Burke (1900β1995), sculptor
- Calvin Burnett (1921β2007), book illustrator
- Pauline Powell Burns (1872β1912), painter
- John Bush (?β1754), powder horn carver
- Bisa Butler (born 1973), quilter
- Robert Butler (1943β2014), painter
CβDβ»
- Frank Calloway (1915β2014)
- E. Simms Campbell (1906β1971), cartoonist
- Allen 'Big Al' Carter (1947β2008)
- Fred Carter (1938β2023), cartoonist
- Bernie Casey (1939β2017), painter
- Elizabeth Catlett (1915β2012), sculptor and printmaker
- Nick Cave (born 1959), performance artist
- Michael Ray Charles (born 1967), painter
- Barbara Chase-Riboud (born 1936), sculptor
- Jamour Chames (born 1989), painter
- Don Hogan Charles (1938β2017), photographer
- Caitlin Cherry (born 1987), painter and sculptor
- Claude Clark (1915β2001), painter and printmaker
- Edward Clark (1926β2019), painter
- Sonya Clark (born 1967), textile and multimedia artist
- Willie Cole (born 1955), painter
- Robert Colescott (1925β2009), painter
- Eldzier Cortor (1916β2015), artist and printmaker
- Pamela Council (born 1986), multidisciplinary artist, sculptor
- Ernest Crichlow (1914β2005), social realist artist
- Allan Crite (1910β2007), painter
- Njideka Akunyili Crosby (born 1983), painter
- Emilio Cruz (1938β2004), painter
- Frank E. Cummings III (born 1938), woodworker
- Michael Cummings (born 1945), textile artist
- Ulysses Davis (1913β1990), sculptor
- Bing Davis (born 1937), potter and graphic artist
- Charles C. Dawson (1889β1981) illustrator, painter, and printmaker
- Roy DeCarava (1919β2009), photographer
- Beauford Delaney (1901β1979), painter
- Joseph Delaney (1904β1991)
- Nadine M. DeLawrence (1953β1992), American sculptor and installation artist
- Xiomara De Oliver (born 1967), Canadian-born American painter.
- Woody De Othello (born 1991), ceramicist, painter
- Rosetta DeBerardinis, painter
- Louis Delsarte (1944β2020), artist
- Cheryl Derricotte, glass artist, printmaker
- Joseph Clinton Devillis (1878β1912), painter
- Thornton Dial (1928β2016)
- Terry Dixon (born 1969), painter and multimedia artist
- Jeff Donaldson (1932β2004), painter and critic
- Aaron Douglas (1899β1979), painter
- Emory Douglas (born 1943), Black Panther artist
- John E. Dowell Jr. (born 1941), printmaker, etcher, lithographer, and painter
- David Driskell (1931β2020), artist and scholar
- Robert Seldon Duncanson (1821β1872), Hudson River School
- Edward Dwight (born 1933) sculptor, painter, author
EβHβ»
- Walter Edmonds (1938β2011), muralist
- William Edmondson (1874β1951), folk art sculptor
- Allan L. Edmunds (born 1949), printmaker
- Mel Edwards (born 1937), sculptor
- Janiva Ellis (born 1987), painter
- Walter Ellison (1899β1977), painter
- Minnie Evans (1892β1987), folk artist
- Lola Flash (born 1959), photographer
- Halim Flowers (born 1980), street artist
- LaToya Ruby Frazier (born 1982), photographer
- Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller (1877β1968), artist
- George Gadson, artist and sculptor
- Ellen Gallagher (born 1965)
- Reginald Gammon (1921β2005), painter, printmaker, activist
- Melvino Garretti (born 1946)
- Theaster Gates (born 1973), sculptor, ceramicist, and performance artist
- Reginald K (Kevin) Gee (born 1964), painter
- Herbert Gentry (1919β2003), painter
- Wilda Gerideau-Squires (born 1946), photographer
- Robert A. Gilbert (c. 1870 β 1942), nature photographer
- Leah Gilliam (born 1967), media artist and filmmaker
- Sam Gilliam (1933β2022), painter
- Russell T. Gordon (1936β2013), printmaker
- Billy Graham (1935β1999), comic book artist
- Lonnie Graham, photographer and installation artist
- Deborah Grant (born 1968), painter
- Todd Gray (born 1954), photographer, installation and performance artist
- Leamon Green (born 1959)
- Renee Green (born 1959), installation artist
- Mario Gully, comic book artist
- Tyree Guyton (born 1955)
- Ed Hamilton (born 1947), sculptor
- Patrick Earl Hammie (born 1981), painter
- David Hammons (born 1943), artist
- Trenton Doyle Hancock (born 1974)
- Austin Hansen (1910β1996), photographer
- John Wesley Hardrick (1891β1948), painter
- Edwin Harleston (1882β1931), painter
- Elise Forrest Harleston (1891β1970), photographer
- Jerry Harris (1945β2016), sculptor
- John T. Harris (1908β1972), painter, printmaker, educator
- Kira Lynn Harris (born 1963), multidisciplinary
- Lawrence Harris (born 1937), painter
- Ilana Harris-Babou (born 1991), sculptor and installation artist
- Marren Hassenger (born 1947), sculptor, installation, performance
- Palmer Hayden (1893β1973), painter
- DontΓ© K. Hayes (b. 1975), ceramicist
- Barkley Hendricks (1945β2017), painter
- Nestor HernΓ‘ndez (1961β2006), photographer
- George Herriman (1880β1944), cartoonist
- LaToya M. Hobbs (born 1988) printmaker, painter, mixed media artist
- Alvin Hollingsworth (1928β2000), illustrator, painter
- Humbert Howard (1905/1915β1990), painter, ceramicist
- William Howard (active 19th century), American woodworker and craftsman
- Bryce Hudson (born 1979), painter, sculptor
- Julien Hudson (1811β1844), painter, sculptor
- David Huffman (born 1963), painter
- Edward Ellis Hughes (1940β2017), painter
- Richard Hunt (1935β2023), sculptor
- Clementine Hunter (1886/7β1988), folk artist
JβOβ»
- Wadsworth Jarrell (born 1929), painter, sculptor
- Oliver Lee Jackson (born 1935), painter, sculptor, printmaker, educator
- Suzanne Jackson, artist, gallery owner
- Tomashi Jackson (born 1980), multimedia artist, painter, videographer, textile-maker and sculptor
- Steffani Jemison (born 1981), performance artist, video artist
- Wilmer Angier Jennings (1910β1990), printmaker, painter, jeweler
- Annette P. Jimerson (born 1966), painter
- Joshua Johnson (c. 1763 β c. 1824), portrait painter and folk artist
- LeRoy Johnson (1937β1922), multidisciplinary artist
- Malvin Gray Johnson (1896β1934), painter
- Martina Johnson-Allen (born 1947), painter, sculptor, and printmaker, educator
- Rashid Johnson (born 1977), conceptual artist
- Sargent Johnson (1888β1967), sculptor
- William H. Johnson (1902β1970)
- Calvin B. Jones (1934β2010), painter, muralist
- Ida E. Jones, painter
- Jennie C. Jones (born 1968), multidisciplinary
- Lois Mailou Jones (1905β1998), painter
- Lawrence A. Jones (1910β1996), artist, teacher
- Samuel Levi Jones (born 1978), painter, assemblage artist
- Seitu Jones (born 1951), multidisciplinary, sculptor
- Eddie Jack Jordan (1925β1999), artist, teacher
- Ronald Joseph (1910β1992), artist, teacher, and printmaker
- Titus Kaphar (born 1976), painter
- Richard Gordon Kendall (1933β2008), Texas-based outsider artist
- Autumn Knight (born 1980), interdisciplinary artist working with performance, installation, and text
- Gwendolyn Knight (1914β2005), artist
- Jacob Lawrence (1917β2000), painter
- Deana Lawson (born 1979), photographer
- Carolyn Lazard (born 1987), conceptual artist
- Hughie Lee-Smith (1915β1999), artist
- Simone Leigh (born 1967), sculpture, ceramics
- Edmonia Lewis (c. 1843 β 1879), artist
- Nate Lewis (born 1985), visual artist
- Norman Lewis (1909β1979), painter
- Joe Louis Light (1934β2005), painter and sculptor
- Glenn Ligon (born 1960), painter
- James Little (born 1952), painter, curator
- Willie Little (born 1961), multimedia artist, painter, sculptor, author
- Llanakila, artist, painter, digital illustrator. And digital artist
- Edward L. Loper, Sr. (1916β2011), painter
- Whitfield Lovell (born 1960), artist
- Alvin D. Loving (1935β2005), artist
- Eric N. Mack (born 1987), painter, multi-media installation artist, and sculptor
- Gwendolyn Ann Magee (1943β2011), artist, quilter
- Clarence Major (born 1936), painter
- Ajuan Mance, visual artist, professor
- Kerry James Marshall (born 1955), painter
- Eugene J. Martin (1938β2005), painter
- Louise Martin (1911β1995), photographer
- Percy Martin, printmaker
- Richard Mayhew (born 1934), Afro-Native American, landscape painter
- Valerie Maynard (1937β2022), sculptor, printmaker, painter
- Ealy Mays (born 1959), painter
- Lester Julian Merriweather (born 1978) collagist, painter
- William McBride (artist) (1912β2000), artist, designer and collector
- Howard McCalebb (born 1947), artist
- Hugo McCloud (born 1980), visual artist
- Corky McCoy, illustrator
- Charles McGee, (1924β2021) painter
- Charles McGill (1964β2017), artist, educator
- Julie Mehretu (born 1970), painter, printmaker
- Troy Michie (born 1985), collage artist, painter, interdisciplinary installation artist, and sculptor
- Nicole Miller (born 1982), video artist
- Joe Minter (born 1943) sculptor, creator of African Village in America
- Dean Mitchell (born 1957), painter
- Evangeline Montgomery, metal art, printmaker
- Scipio Moorhead (active 1770s), painter
- Barbara Tyson Mosley (born 1950), abstract painter
- Charles Franklin Moss (1878β1961), photographer and painter
- Archibald Motley (1891β1981), painter
- Zora J. Murff (born 1987), photographer
- Wangechi Mutu (born 1972) painter, sculptor
- Gus Nall (1919β1995), painter
- Senga Nengudi (born 1943), sculptor, performance artist
- Harold Newton (1934β1994), artist
- Lorraine O'Grady (born 1934), conceptual artist
- Turtel Onli (born 1952), cartoonist
- Jackie Ormes (1911β1985), cartoonist
- John Outterbridge (1933β2020), assemblage artist
- Joe Overstreet (1933β2019), artist
PβSβ»
- Jennifer Packer (born 1985), painter
- Norman Parish, painter, muralist and art dealer
- Gordon Parks (1912β2006), photographer, director
- Sandra Payne (1951β2021), collagist, sculptor, conceptual artist
- Cecelia Pedescleaux (born 1945), quilter
- Janet Taylor Pickett (born 1948), mixed media artist
- Delilah Pierce (1904β1992), artist
- Earle M. Pilgrim (1923β1976), artist
- Howardena Pindell (born 1943), painter
- Jefferson Pinder, performance
- Jerry Pinkney (1939β2021), illustrator
- Adrian Piper (born 1948), conceptual artist
- Rose Piper (1917β2005), painter and textile designer
- Horace Pippin (1888β1946), painter
- P. H. Polk (1898β1984), photographer
- Stephanie Pogue (1944β2002), printmaker
- Carl Robert Pope (born 1961), photographer
- William Pope.L (born 1955) conceptual artist
- Charles Ethan Porter (1847/49β1923) painter
- Harriet Powers (1837β1910), folk artist
- Walter Price (artist) (born 1989), painter
- Martin Puryear (born 1941), sculptor
- Mavis Pusey (1928β2019), abstract painter
- Bob Ragland (1938β2021), painter and sculptor
- Patrick H. Reason (1816β1898)
- Earle Wilton Richardson (1912β1935), artist
- Taft Richardson Jr. (1943β2008), folk artist
- Faith Ringgold (born 1930), painter
- Haywood Rivers (1922β2001), painter
- Amber Robles-Gordon, installation artist
- Deborah Roberts, (born 1962), collage artist
- Arthur Rose Sr. (1921β1995), multidisciplinary
- BayetΓ© Ross Smith (born 1976), photographer
- Susan Smith-Pinelo, video, performance
- Alison Saar (born 1956), artist
- Betye Saar (born 1926), artist
- Synthia Saint James (born 1949) painter
- Charles L. SallΓ©e Jr. (1923β2006), painter
- Reginald Sanders (1921β2001), visual artist
- Raymond Saunders (born 1934), painter
- Augusta Savage (1892β1962), sculptor
- Dread Scott (born 1965), performance, photography, installation, screen-printing and video
- John T. Scott (1940β2007), artist
- Joyce J. Scott (born 1948), sculptor
- Lorenzo Scott (born 1934), painter
- William Edouard Scott (1884β1964), painter
- Charles Searles (1937β2004), painter, sculptor
- Charles Sebree (1914β1985), painter
- Gail Shaw-Clemons, printmaker, educator
- Thomas Sills (1914β2000), painter
- Gary Simmons (born 1964), artist
- Lorna Simpson (born 1960), artist
- Merton Simpson (1928β2013), painter
- William Simpson (1818β1872), portrait painter
- Ferrari Sheppard (born 1983), painter
- Amy Sherald (born 1973), painter
- Carroll Sockwell (1943β1992), abstract painter
- Jeff Sonhouse (born 1968), painter
- Cauleen Smith (born 1967), filmmaker
- Leslie Smith III (born 1985), painter
- Vincent D. Smith (1929β2003), painter and printmaker
- William E. Smith (1913β1997), painter and printmaker
- Gilda Snowden (1954β2014)
- Mitchell Squire (born 1958), American installation artist, sculptor and performance artist
- Raymond Steth (1916β1997)
- Renee Stout (born 1958), artist
- Lou Stovall, printmaker
- Thelma Johnson Streat (1911β1959), American painter, dancer, educator
- Martine Syms (born 1988), artist
TβZβ»
- Henry Ossawa Tanner (1859β1937), artist
- Ron Tarver (born 1957), photographer, artist, and educator
- Mary Lee Tate (1893β1939), painter, decorative artist
- U.S. Grant Tayes (1885β1972), painter, barber, musician, columnist, and educator
- Margaret Taylor-Burroughs (1915β2010)
- Alma Thomas (1891β1978), painter
- Hank Willis Thomas (born 1976), photographer
- Mickalene Thomas (born 1971), painter and installation artist
- Bob Thompson (1937β1966), painter
- Mildred Thompson (1935β2003), abstract painter, printmaker and sculptor
- Dox Thrash (1892β1962), printmaker, sculptor
- Bill Traylor (1856β1949)
- Henry Taylor (born 1958), painter
- Yvonne Edwards Tucker (born 1941), potter
- Adejoke Tugbiyele (born 1977), sculptor, multidisciplinary artist
- Morrie Turner (1923β2014), cartoonist
- James Van Der Zee (1886β1983), photographer
- Kara Walker (born 1969), artist
- William Walker (1927β2011), Chicago muralist
- Eugene Warburg, (1825β1859), sculptor
- Laura Wheeler Waring (1887β1948), painter
- E. M. Washington (born 1962), printmaker and counterfeiter
- Cullen Washington, Jr. (born 1972), abstract painter
- James W. Washington, Jr. (1908β2000), painter and sculptor
- Howard N. Watson (1929β2022), watercolor painter
- Richard J. Watson (born 1946), painter, printmaker
- Lewis Watts
- Carrie Mae Weems (born 1953), photographer
- Joyce Wellman (born 1949), painter, printmaker
- Pheoris West (1950β2021)
- Charles Wilbert White (1918β1979), muralist
- Fo Wilson, interdisciplinary artist and designer
- Jack Whitten (1939β2018), painter
- Kehinde Wiley (born 1977), painter
- Gerald Williams (artist) (born 1941), painter
- William T. Williams (born 1942), painter
- Deborah Willis (born 1948), photographer
- Ellis Wilson (1899β1977), painter
- Fred Wilson (born 1954), conceptual artist
- Wilmer Wilson IV, performance, photographer
- John Woodrow Wilson (1922β2015), sculptor
- Beulah Woodard (1895β1955), sculptor
- Hale Woodruff (1900β1980), painter
- Richard Wyatt, Jr. (born 1955), painter, muralist
- Richard Yarde (1939β2011), watercolorist
- Joseph Yoakum (1890β1972), self-taught landscape artist
- Kenneth Victor Young (1933β2017), painter, designer, educator
- Purvis Young (1943β2010), artist
Artist groupsβ»
See alsoβ»
- Harlem Renaissance
- African-American art
- The Quilts of Gees Bend
- Black Arts Movement
- List of American artists before 1900
- List of American artists 1900 and after
Referencesβ»
- ^ See the "entry in Macklin," A. D., A Biographical History of African-American Artists. The Edwin Mellen Press; 2001. ISBN 0-7734-7676-8
- ^ Listed in the Chronological listing of African-American artists at ArtCyclopedia
- ^ "Nellie Ashford among 5 artists selected for art installations at Charlotte Douglas Airport". CLTure. April 10, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
- ^ Sheets, Hilarie M. (June 30, 2011). "In the Picture: Atlanta, Africa and the Past". The New York Times. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
- ^ KOSLOW MILLER, FRANCINE (Summer 2012). "Radcliffe Bailey". Artforum. Vol. 50, no. 10. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
- ^ Parris, Nina G; Columbia Museum of Art; Arkansas Arts Center; Mississippi Museum of Art (1985). Through a master printer: Robert Blackburn and the Printmaking Workshop. Columbia, S.C.: Columbia Museum. OCLC 14693839.
- ^ Shaw, Kurt (September 7, 2014). "Homewood Artist's 'Fragments' Looks at Cultures in Our World". Pittsburgh Tribune Review. Retrieved March 30, 2016 – via EBSCO.
- ^ David Leeming, Amazing Grace: A Life of Beauford Delaney, Oxford University Press; 1998. ISBN 0-19-509784-X
- ^ "Nadine M. Delawrence, 39; Artist Exhibited Internationally". Hartford Courant. November 28, 1992. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
- ^ "De Oliver, Xiomara". Le Delarge -Le dictionnaire des arts plastiques modernes et contemporains (in French). Retrieved August 20, 2021.
- ^ Troupe, Margaret Porter (April 11, 2014). "Spring Art Show: Melvino Garretti". Harlem Arts Salon. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
- ^ Mitchell, John Hanson (August 12, 2014). Looking for Mr. Gilbert: The Unlikely Life of the First African American Landscape Photographer. Open Road Distribution. pp. 100β. ISBN 9781497672826. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ "The Artist's Voice: Kira Lynn Harris In Conversation with Lauren Haynes". The Studio Museum in Harlem. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
- ^ Steinhauer, Jillian (February 25, 2019). "The Whitney Biennial: 75 Artists Are In, and One Dissenter Steps Out". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ "Maren Hassinger". YBCA. Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ "LaToya M. Hobbs". www.latoyamhobbs.com.
- ^ Murray, Derek Conrad (2012). "David Huffman". Art in America. Vol. April 6. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
- ^ "Rhythm and Blues: Tomashi Jackson by Cora Fisher β BOMB Magazine". bombmagazine.org. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ "Titus Kaphar's Time Magazine Commission". International Review of African American Art. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
- ^ "Workshop | fluid with Artist Autumn Knight". Contemporary Arts Museum Houston. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ "Deana Lawson". Lewis Center for the Arts. Archived from the original on May 4, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
- ^ Sargent, Antwaun (April 9, 2018). "Meet the Mixed-Media Painter Inspired by Lil' Kim". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ Moye, Dorothy, "Lift Every Voice and Sing: The Quilts of Gwendolyn Ann Magee" Archived November 15, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Southern Spaces, September 11, 2014.
- ^ Robertson, Michelle; SFGATE (November 1, 2017). "An Oakland artist drew 1,001 portraits of black men". SFGate. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
- ^ "Richard Mayhew". Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
- ^ Tortorello, Michael (April 24, 2013). "Joe Minter's African Village in America". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ "Barbara Tyson-Mosley". National Gallery of Art. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
- ^ "African American Fine Art Auction". Tyler Fine Art. November 11, 2014. p. 128. Retrieved January 25, 2017 – via issuu.
- ^ "Artist Charles L. Sallee Jr. remembered; his artwork is on display in Beachwood". cleveland.com. December 9, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
- ^ "Artist's Black Painting Praised By D.C. Critic". Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. March 4, 1971. p. 14.
- ^ Sirmans, M. Franklin (1997). Smith, Vincent (Dacosta). Detroit: St. James Guide to Black Artists. ISBN 1558622209.
- ^ Smothers, Ronald (January 3, 2004). "Vincent Smith, 74, Painter Who Portrayed Black Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
- ^ "U.S. Grant Tayes". Missouri Remembers. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ^ Copelon, Dianne (February 11, 1996). "Artisans Shape Visions of Black History, Culture". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
- ^ Preece, Robert (September 23, 2020). "Beyond Physicality: A Conversation with Adejoke Tugbiyele". Sculpture. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
- ^ McQuaid, Cate (December 23, 2009). "Behind the mask of 'Hero's'". Boston.com. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
- ^ Powell, Richard J.; Mecklenburg, Virginia McCord; Slowik, Theresa (2012). African American Art: Harlem Renaissance, The Civil Rights Era, and Beyond. Smithsonian American Art Museum. Skira Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0847838905.