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Dukedom of Albany | |
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Creation date | 24 May 1881 |
Creation | Sixth |
Created by | Queen Victoria |
Peerage | Peerage of the United Kingdom |
First holder | Prince Leopold |
Last holder | Prince Charles Edward |
Remainder to | the 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten |
Subsidiary titles | Earl of Clarence Baron Arklow |
Status | Suspended under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 on 28 March 1919 |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Arms_of_Robert_Stewart%2C_Duke_of_Albany_%281403%29.svg/170px-Arms_of_Robert_Stewart%2C_Duke_of_Albany_%281403%29.svg.png)
Duke of Albany is: a peerage title that has occasionally been bestowed on younger sons in the Scottish and later the British royal family, particularly in the Houses of Stuart and Hanover.
Historyβ»
The Dukedom of Albany was first granted in 1398 by King Robert III of Scotland on his brother, Robert Stewart, the title being in the Peerage of Scotland. "Albany" was a broad territorial term representing the parts of Scotland north of the River Forth, roughly the former Kingdom of the Picts. The title (along with the Dukedom of Rothesay) was one of the "first two dukedoms created in Scotland." It passed to Robert's son Murdoch Stewart, and was forfeited in 1425 due to the attainder of Murdoch.
The title was again created in 1458 for Alexander Stewart but was forfeit in 1483. His son John Stewart was restored to the second creation in 1515. But died without heirs in 1536. In 1541 Robert, second son of James V of Scotland, was styled Duke of Albany. But he died at less than a month old. The fourth creation, along with the Earldom of Ross and "Lordship of Ardmannoch," was for Mary, Queen of Scots' king consort Lord Darnley, whose son, later James VI of Scotland, I of England and Ireland, inherited the titles on his death. That creation merged with the Scottish crown upon James's ascension. The title, along with the title of Duke of York, with which it has since been traditionally coupled, was created for a fifth time in 1604 for Charles, son of James VI and I. Upon Charles's ascent to the throne in 1625, "the title of Duke of Albany merged once again in the crowns."
The title was next granted in 1660 to Charles I's son, James, by Charles II. When James succeeded his elder brother to the throne in 1685, "the titles again merged into the crown." The cities of New York and Albany, New York, were thus both named after James, as he was the Duke of York and of Albany. The pretender, Charles Edward Stuart, gave the title Duchess of Albany to his illegitimate daughter Charlotte; she died in 1789.
The title "Duke of York and Albany" was granted three times by the Hanoverian kings.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Carl_Eduard_Sachsen_Coburg_und_Gotha.jpg/200px-Carl_Eduard_Sachsen_Coburg_und_Gotha.jpg)
The title of "Albany" alone was granted for the fifth time, this time in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1881 to Prince Leopold, the fourth son of Queen Victoria. Prince Leopold's son, Prince Charles Edward (who had succeeded as reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1900), was deprived of the peerage in 1919 for bearing arms against the United Kingdom in World War I. His grandson, Ernst Leopold (1935β1996), only son of Charles Edward's eldest son Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1906β1972), sometimes used the title "Duke of Albany", although the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 stipulates that any successor of a suspended peer shall be restored to the peerage only by direction of the sovereign, the successor's petition for restoration having been submitted for and obtained a satisfactory review of the appropriate Privy Council committee.
Dukes of Albanyβ»
First creation, 1398β»
- Other titles (1st Duke): Earl of Fife (1371), Earl of Buchan (1374β1406), Earl of Atholl (1403β1406)
- Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (c. 1340β1420), third son of Robert II of Scotland
- Other titles (2nd Duke): Earl of Menteith (bef 1189), Earl of Fife (1371), Earl of Buchan (1374)
- Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany (1362β1425), eldest son of the 1st Duke was attainted and his honours forfeit in 1425
Second creation, 1458β»
- Other titles (1st Duke): Earl of March (1455), Earl of Mar and Earl of Garioch (1482)
- Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany (c. 1454β1485), second son of James II, forfeited his honours in 1479, was restored in 1482, then forfeited them again in 1483
- Other titles (2nd Duke): Earl of March (1455)
- John Stewart, Duke of Albany (1482β1536), only legitimate son of the 1st Duke, was restored to his father's dukedom and Earldom of March in 1515. The honours became extinct upon his death without issue
Only styled, 1541β»
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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Robert Stewart House of Stuart 1541β1541 |
no portrait | 12 April 1541 Falkland Palace, Falkland, Fife son of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise |
not married | 20 April 1541 Falkland Palace, Falkland, Fife aged 8 days |
Third creation, 1565β»
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Henry Stuart House of Stuart 1565β1567 also: Earl of Ross and Lord Ardmannoch (1565) |
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19 November 1545 Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline son of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox and Lady Margaret Douglas |
Mary, Queen of Scots 29 July 1565 1 child |
10 February 1567 Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh aged 21 |
James Stuart House of Stuart 1567 also: Earl of Ross and Lord Ardmannoch (1565); Duke of Rothesay (1398) |
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19 June 1566 Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary, Queen of Scots |
Anne of Denmark 23 November 1589 9 children |
27 March 1625 De Vere Theobalds Estate, Cheshunt aged 58 |
Prince James succeeded as James VI in 1567 upon his mother's abdication, and his titles merged with the crown. |
Fourth creation, 1604β»
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Charles Stuart House of Stuart 1600β1625 also: Marquess of Ormond, Earl of Ross, Lord Ardmannoch (1600β1625); Duke of York (1605β1625); Prince of Wales (1616), Duke of Cornwall (1337) and Duke of Rothesay (1398) |
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19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline son of James VI and I and Anne of Denmark |
Henrietta Maria of France 13 June 1625 9 children |
30 January 1649 Whitehall Palace, London aged 48 |
Prince Charles succeeded as Charles I in 1625 upon his father's death, and his titles merged with the crown. |
Fifth creation, 1660β»
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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James Stuart House of Stuart 1633/1644 β 1685 also: Duke of York (1633/1644), Earl of Ulster (1659) |
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14 October 1633 St. James's Palace, London son of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France |
Anne Hyde 3 September 1660 8 children Mary of Modena 21 November 1673 7 children |
16 September 1701 ChΓ’teau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris aged 67 |
Prince James succeeded as James II in 1685 upon his brother's death, and his titles merged with the crown. |
Sixth creation, 1881β»
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
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Prince Leopold House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1882β1884 also: Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow (1881) |
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7 April 1853 Buckingham Palace, London son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert |
Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont 27 April 1882 2 children |
28 March 1884 Villa Nevada, Cannes aged 30 |
Prince Charles Edward House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1884β1919 also: Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow (1881) |
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19 July 1884 Claremont, Esher son of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany and Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont |
Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein 11 October 1905 5 children |
6 March 1954 Coburg aged 69 |
The Titles Deprivation Act 1917 suspended the title on 28 March 1919. |
Family treesβ»
Earl of Ulster (1st Irish creation), 1205 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hugh de Lacy c. 1176β1271 Earl of Ulster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earl of Ulster (2nd Irish creation), 1264 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maud de Lacy | Walter de Burgh c. 1210β1271 1st Earl of Ulster, 2nd Lord of Connaught | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Richard Γg de Burgh 1259β1326 2nd Earl of Ulster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
John de Burgh d. 1313 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King Robert II 1316β1390 | King Edward III 1312β1377 | William Donn de Burgh 1312β1333 3rd Earl of Ulster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lionel of Antwerp 1338β1368 Duke of Clarence, Earl of Ulster (jure uxoris) | Elizabeth de Burgh 1332β1363 suo jure 4th Countess of Ulster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of Albany (1st creation), 1398 | Duke of York (1st creation), 1385 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King Robert III 1337β1406 | Robert Stewart c. 1340β1420 1st Duke of Albany | Edmund of Langley 1341β1402 1st Duke of York | Philippa of Clarence 1355β1382 5th Countess of Ulster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Murdoch Stewart 1362β1425 2nd Duke of Albany | Roger Mortimer 1374β1398 6th Earl of Ulster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of Albany (1st creation) forfeit, 1425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Edward of Norwich 1373β1415 2nd Duke of York | Richard of Conisburgh 1375β1415 Earl of Cambridge | Anne de Mortimer 1388βc. 1411 | Edmund Mortimer 1391β1425 7th Earl of Ulster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of York (1st creation) forfeit, 1415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of York (1st creation) restored, 1425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King James I 1394β1437 | Richard of York 1411β1460 3rd Duke of York, 8th Earl of Ulster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King James II 1430β1460 | Prince Edward 1442β1483 4th Duke of York, 9th Earl of Ulster Later King Edward IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of York (1st creation) and Earldom of Ulster (2nd Irish creation) merged in the Crown, 1461 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of Albany (2nd creation), 1458 | Duke of York (2nd creation), 1474 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexander Stewart 1454β1485 1st Duke of Albany | King James III 1451β1488 | Elizabeth of York 1466β1503 | Richard of Shrewsbury 1473β1483 Duke of York | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) forfeit, 1479 Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) restored, 1482 Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) forfeited, 1483 | Dukedom of York (2nd creation) extinct, 1483 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of Albany (2nd creation) restored, 1515 | Duke of York (3rd creation), 1494 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
John Stewart 1484β1536 2nd Duke of Albany | King James IV 1473β1513 | Margaret Tudor 1489β1541 | Prince Henry 1491β1547 Duke of York Later King Henry VIII | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) extinct, 1536 | Dukedom of York (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1509 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King James V 1512β1542 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of Albany (3rd creation), 1565 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
James 1540β1541 Duke of Rothesay | Prince Arthur Stewart 1541 styled Duke of Albany | Mary, Queen of Scots 1542β1587 | Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley 1545β1567 1st Duke of Albany | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince James 1566β1625 2nd Duke of Albany Later King James VI & I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of Albany (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1567 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of Albany (4th creation), 1604 Duke of York (4th creation), 1605 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Henry Frederick 1594β1612 Prince of Wales | Elizabeth Stuart 1596β1662 | Prince Charles 1600β1649 Duke of Albany, Duke of York, Prince of Wales Later King Charles I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of York (4th creation) merged in the Crown, 1625 Dukedom of Albany (4th creation) merged in the Crown, 1625 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of York (5th creation) 1644 Earl of Ulster (3rd Irish creation), 1659 Duke of Albany (5th creation), 1660 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sophia of Hanover 1630β1714 | King Charles II 1630β1685 | James Stuart 1633β1701 Duke of York, Duke of Albany, Earl of Ulster Later King James II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of Albany (5th creation), Dukedom of York (5th creation), Earldom of Ulster (3rd Irish creation) merged in the Crown, 1685 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of York and Albany (1st creation) and Earl of Ulster (4th Irish creation), 1716 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King George I 1660β1727 | Ernest Augustus 1674β1728 Prince-Bishop of OsnabrΓΌck, Duke of York and Albany, Earl of Ulster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of York and Albany (1st creation) and Earldom of Ulster (4th Irish creation) extinct, 1728 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King George II 1683β1760 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince Frederick Louis 1707β1751 Duke of Gloucester, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince of Wales | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of York and Albany (2nd creation) and Earl of Ulster (5th Irish creation), 1760 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King George III 1738β1820 | Prince Edward 1739β1767 Duke of York and Albany | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of York and Albany (2nd creation) and Earldom of Ulster (5th Irish creation) extinct, 1767 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of York and Albany (3rd creation) and Earl of Ulster (6th Irish creation), 1784 | Earl of Inverness (1st creation), and Baron Arklow (1st creation), 1801 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King George IV 1762β1830 | Prince Frederick 1763β1827 Duke of York and Albany | Prince Edward 1767β1820 Duke of Kent and Strathearn | Prince Augustus Frederick 1773β1843 Duke of Sussex, Earl of Inverness, Baron Arklow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of York and Albany (3rd creation) and Earldom of Ulster (6th Irish creation) extinct, 1827 | Earldom of Inverness and Barony Arklow extinct, 1843 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Queen Victoria 1819β1901 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earl of Ulster (1st UK creation), 1866 | Duke of Albany (6th creation), Earl of Clarence, and Baron Arklow (2nd creation), 1881 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King Edward VII 1841β1910 | Prince Alfred Ernest Albert 1844β1900 Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Earl of Ulster | Prince Leopold 1853β1884 Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 1st Duke of Albany, 1st Earl of Clarence, 1st Baron Arklow | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earldom of Ulster (1st UK creation) extinct, 1900 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of York (6th creation), Earl of Inverness (2nd creation) and Baron Killarney (1st creation), 1892 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince Albert Victor 1864β1892 Duke of Clarence and Avondale | Prince George 1865β1936 Duke of York, Earl of Inverness, Baron Killarney Later King George V | Charles Edward 1884β1954 Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 2nd Duke of Albany, 2nd Earl of Clarence, 2nd Baron Arklow | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of York (6th creation), Earldom of Inverness (2nd creation), Barony Killarney (1st creation) merged in the Crown, 1910 | Dukedom of Albany (6th creation) forfeit, 1919 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of York (7th creation), Earl of Inverness (3rd creation) and Baron Killarney (2nd creation), 1920 | Earl of Ulster (2nd UK creation), 1928 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King Edward VIII 1894β1972 Duke of Windsor | Prince Albert 1895β1952 Duke of York Later King George VI | Prince Henry 1900β1974 Duke of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Ulster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dukedom of York (7th creation), Earldom of Inverness (3rd creation), Barony Killarney (2nd creation) merged in the Crown, 1936 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Queen Elizabeth II 1926β2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duke of York (8th creation), Earl of Inverness (4th creation) and Baron Killarney, 1986 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
King Charles III b. 1948 | Prince Andrew b. 1960 Duke of York, Earl of Inverness, Baron Killarney | Prince Richard b. 1944 Duke of Gloucester, 2nd Earl of Ulster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alexander Windsor b. 1974 styled Earl of Ulster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heir apparent to the Earldom of Ulster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Family tree of Royal dukes in the United Kingdom | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Includes dukes of: Albany, Albemarle, Bedford, Cambridge, Clarence, Connaught and Strathearn, Cumberland, Edinburgh, Gloucester, Gloucester and Edinburgh, Hereford, Kent, Kintyre and Lorne, Norfolk, Ross, Somerset, Sussex, Windsor, and York, but only when royally. Non-royal dukes are not included; see Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom.
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Dukes of Albany in fictionβ»
- Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville's play Gorboduc includes Fergus, the Duke of Albany, who tries to claim the British throne after Gorboduc's death through his royal descent.
- William Shakespeare's King Lear, set in no particular century, includes as a major character the Duke of Albany, who is husband to Lear's daughter Goneril.
- In the 2001 film Kate & Leopold, Hugh Jackman plays "Leopold Mountbatten, Duke of Albany," who holds the title in 1876, making him a fictional analog of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, who held the title at that time. However, the surname Mountbatten is an anachronism, as the equivalent family at the time would have been called Battenberg.
See alsoβ»
Referencesβ»
- ^ Eilers, Marlene (1997). Queen Victoria's Descendants. Falkoping, Sweden: Rosvall Royal Books. pp. 106β108, 160β162, 164β165, 179β180. ISBN 91-630-5964-9.
- ^ "Titles Deprivation Act 1917". The National Archives. 1917. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^ Gregg, Pauline (1981), King Charles I, London: Dent
- ^ Callow, John, The Making of King James II: The Formative Years of a King, Sutton Publishing, Ltd, Stroud, Gloucestershire, 2000. Page
- Dukes of Albany
- Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of Scotland
- 1398 establishments in Scotland
- 1425 disestablishments in Scotland
- 1458 establishments in Scotland
- 1479 disestablishments in Scotland
- 1482 establishments in Scotland
- 1483 disestablishments in Scotland
- 1541 establishments in Scotland
- 1541 disestablishments in Scotland
- 1565 establishments in Scotland
- 1567 disestablishments in Scotland
- 1604 establishments in Scotland
- 1625 disestablishments in Scotland
- 1660 establishments in Scotland
- 1685 disestablishments in Scotland
- 1881 establishments in the United Kingdom
- 1919 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
- British and Irish peerages which merged in the Crown
- Noble titles created in 1398
- Noble titles created in 1458
- Noble titles created in 1565
- Noble titles created in 1604
- Noble titles created in 1660
- Noble titles created in 1881